वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-35, verse-12

न रामः कर्कशस्तात नाविद्वान्नाजितेन्द्रियः ।
अनृतं न श्रुतं चैव नैव त्वं वक्तुमर्हसि ॥१२॥

12. na rāmaḥ karkaśastāta nāvidvānnājitendriyaḥ ,
anṛtaṃ na śrutaṃ caiva naiva tvaṃ vaktumarhasi.

12. na rāmaḥ karkaśaḥ tāta na avidvān na ajitendriyaḥ
anṛtam na śrutam ca eva na eva tvam vaktum arhasi

12. tāta,
rāmaḥ na karkaśaḥ,
na avidvān,
na ajitendriyaḥ.
tvam anṛtam na vaktum arhasi,
ca na eva śrutam.

12. Dear one, Rāma is neither harsh, nor ignorant, nor one who lacks control over his senses. You should certainly not speak such an untruth, nor has such a thing ever been heard.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, nor

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - The main protagonist of the Rāmāyaṇa. (Rāma)

• कर्कशः (karkaśaḥ) - harsh, cruel, rough

• तात (tāta) - An affectionate address. (dear one, father (as a term of endearment))

• न (na) - not, nor

• अविद्वान् (avidvān) - ignorant, unwise

• न (na) - not, nor

• अजितेन्द्रियः (ajitendriyaḥ) - one who has not conquered his senses, uncontrolled

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - Such statements about Rāma being harsh, ignorant, or uncontrolled. (untruth, falsehood)

• न (na) - not, nor

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard, known

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• न (na) - not

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - The main protagonist of the Rāmāyaṇa. (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of the seventh avatar of Vishnu); pleasing, delightful

From root ram (to delight).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

कर्कशः (karkaśaḥ) - harsh, cruel, rough

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karkaśa

karkaśa - harsh, cruel, rough, hard

तात (tāta) - An affectionate address. (dear one, father (as a term of endearment))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear, darling (a term of address for father, son, friend, or younger person)

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

अविद्वान् (avidvān) - ignorant, unwise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avidvas

avidvas - ignorant, unwise

Negative prefix a- + Past Active Participle

Formed from a (not) and vidvas (knowing).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidvas)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vidvas – knowing, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Active Participle
  From root vid (to know) with vasu suffix.
  Root: vid (class 2)

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

अजितेन्द्रियः (ajitendriyaḥ) - one who has not conquered his senses, uncontrolled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajitendriya

ajitendriya - one who has not conquered his senses, lacking self-control

Compound. a (not) + jita (conquered) + indriya (sense).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+jita+indriya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• jita – conquered, subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ji (to conquer) with kta suffix.
  Root: ji (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ind

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - Such statements about Rāma being harsh, ignorant, or uncontrolled. (untruth, falsehood)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, lie; unreal

Negative prefix a- + ṛta (truth).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ṛta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, righteous
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, move, reach).
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of vaktum.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates śrutam.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard, known

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, known, revealed (as in Vedas)

Past Passive Participle

From root śru (to hear) with kta suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Refers to the untruth spoken about Rāma.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects na śrutam to the previous clause.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes the negation of śrutam.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of arhasi.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root vac (to speak) with tumun suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Complement of arhasi.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Tense, 2nd Person Singular

Root arh (class 1), a ending.

Root: arh (class 1)