वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-18, verse-9

उपलभ्य शनैः संज्ञां तं मे शंसितुमर्हसि ।
येन त्वं दुर्विनीतेन वने विक्रम्य निर्जिता ॥९॥

9. upalabhya śanaiḥ saṃjñāṃ taṃ me śaṃsitumarhasi ,
yena tvaṃ durvinītena vane vikramya nirjitā.

9. upalabhya śanaiḥ saṃjñām tam me śaṃsitum arhasi
yena tvam durvinītena vane vikramya nirjitā

9. śanaiḥ saṃjñām upalabhya,
vane vikramya yena durvinītena tvam nirjitā,
tam me śaṃsitum arhasi

9. Having slowly regained your senses, you ought to tell me about that ill-behaved person by whom you were conquered in the forest, after he displayed his power.

Words meanings summery:

• उपलभ्य (upalabhya) - having obtained, having regained, having perceived

• शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually

• संज्ञाम् (saṁjñām) - consciousness, senses, understanding

• तम् (tam) - him (the ill-behaved one who defeated Surpanakha) (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• शंसितुम् (śaṁsitum) - to tell, to report

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular nominative)

• दुर्विनीतेन (durvinītena) - by the ill-behaved one, by the wicked one

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• विक्रम्य (vikramya) - having attacked, having displayed valor/power

• निर्जिता (nirjitā) - conquered, defeated (feminine nominative singular)

Words meanings and morphology

उपलभ्य (upalabhya) - having obtained, having regained, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from verb root labh (to obtain) with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form.

शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually

(indeclinable)

संज्ञाम् (saṁjñām) - consciousness, senses, understanding

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saṃjñā

saṁjñā - consciousness, knowledge, recognition, name

Derived from verb root jñā (to know) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: jñā (class 9)

तम् (tam) - him (the ill-behaved one who defeated Surpanakha) (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the person who defeated Surpanakha.

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

शंसितुम् (śaṁsitum) - to tell, to report

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of verb root śaṃs

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Infinitive expresses purpose or what one ought to do.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present tense

Root: arh (class 1)

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the agent of defeat.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

दुर्विनीतेन (durvinītena) - by the ill-behaved one, by the wicked one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of durvinīta

durvinīta - ill-behaved, ill-trained, wicked, badly disciplined

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root nī (to lead) with prefixes dur and vi

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+vinīta)

• dur – bad, difficult
  indeclinable
• vinīta – well-behaved, modest, disciplined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root nī (to lead) with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yena'.

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

विक्रम्य (vikramya) - having attacked, having displayed valor/power

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from verb root kram (to step, to go) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form.

निर्जिता (nirjitā) - conquered, defeated (feminine nominative singular)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirjita

nirjita - conquered, defeated, won

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root ji (to conquer) with prefix nir

Prefix: nir

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam' (referring to Surpanakha, who is feminine).