वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-77, verse-2

अग्रतः प्रययुस्तस्य सर्वे मन्त्रिपुरोधसः ।
अधिरुह्य हयैर्युक्तान् रथान् सूर्यरथोपमान् ॥२॥

2. agrataḥ prayayustasya sarve mantripurodhasaḥ ,
adhiruhya hayairyuktān rathān sūryarathopamān.

2. agrataḥ prayayuḥ tasya sarve mantripurodhasaḥ
adhiruhya hayaiḥ yuktān rathān sūryarathopamān

2. tasya sarve mantripurodhasaḥ agrataḥ hayaiḥ
yuktān sūryarathopamān rathān adhiruhya prayayuḥ

2. In front of him, all his ministers and chief priests proceeded, having mounted chariots drawn by horses and resembling the sun's chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front (of Bharata) (in front, ahead, from the front)

• प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - they (ministers and priests) proceeded (they went, they proceeded)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Bharata) (his, of him, to him)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (ministers and priests) (all, every)

• मन्त्रिपुरोधसः (mantripurodhasaḥ) - the ministers and chief priests (ministers and chief priests)

• अधिरुह्य (adhiruhya) - having mounted (their chariots) (having mounted, having ascended)

• हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses (that yoked the chariots) (by horses, with horses)

• युक्तान् (yuktān) - yoked (with horses) (yoked, joined, equipped, endowed)

• रथान् (rathān) - chariots

• सूर्यरथोपमान् (sūryarathopamān) - resembling the sun's chariot

Words meanings and morphology

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front (of Bharata) (in front, ahead, from the front)

(indeclinable)

Derived from agra (front) with suffix -tas.

Note: Adverb of place.

प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - they (ministers and priests) proceeded (they went, they proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of √i

Perfect Active

Perfect tense 3rd person plural form of √i with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Verb for 'sarve mantripurodhasaḥ'.

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Bharata) (his, of him, to him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bharata from the previous verse.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (ministers and priests) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with 'mantripurodhasaḥ'.

मन्त्रिपुरोधसः (mantripurodhasaḥ) - the ministers and chief priests (ministers and chief priests)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mantripurodhas

mantripurodhas - ministers and purohitas (chief priests)

Compound type : Dvandva (mantrin+purodhas)

• mantrin – minister, counsellor
  noun (masculine)
• purodhas – chief priest, purohita
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'prayayuḥ'.

अधिरुह्य (adhiruhya) - having mounted (their chariots) (having mounted, having ascended)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from √ruh (to ascend) with prefix adhi-.

Prefix: adhi

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Connects to 'prayayuḥ'.

हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses (that yoked the chariots) (by horses, with horses)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: Agent of 'yuktān'.

युक्तान् (yuktān) - yoked (with horses) (yoked, joined, equipped, endowed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, equipped, connected, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √yuj (to join).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'rathān'.

रथान् (rathān) - chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Object of 'adhiruhya'.

सूर्यरथोपमान् (sūryarathopamān) - resembling the sun's chariot

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sūryarathopama

sūryarathopama - resembling the sun's chariot

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sūryaratha+upama)

• sūryaratha – sun's chariot
  noun (masculine)
• upama – resemblance, likeness, simile
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'rathān'.