वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-45, verse-9

कथं दाशरथौ भूमौ शयाने सह सीतया ।
शक्या निद्रा मया लब्धुं जीवितं वा सुखानि वा ॥९॥

9. kathaṃ dāśarathau bhūmau śayāne saha sītayā ,
śakyā nidrā mayā labdhuṃ jīvitaṃ vā sukhāni vā.

9. katham dāśarathau bhūmau śayāne saha sītayā
śakyā nidrā mayā labdhum jīvitam vā sukhāni vā

9. katham sītayā saha bhūmau śayāne dāśarathau (sati) mayā
nidrā vā jīvitam vā sukhāni labdhum śakyā (bhavati)?

9. How can sleep be obtained by me, or even life or pleasures, while the son of Dasharatha (Rama) lies on the ground with Sita?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• दाशरथौ (dāśarathau) - while Dasharatha's son (Rama) is (in/on Dasharatha's son)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• शयाने (śayāne) - while lying, resting

• सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

• सीतया (sītayā) - by Sita, with Sita

• शक्या (śakyā) - possible, capable

• निद्रा (nidrā) - sleep

• मया (mayā) - by me (Lakshmana) (by me)

• लब्धुम् (labdhum) - to obtain, to gain

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life

• वा (vā) - or

• सुखानि (sukhāni) - pleasures, comforts

• वा (vā) - or

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

दाशरथौ (dāśarathau) - while Dasharatha's son (Rama) is (in/on Dasharatha's son)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dāśarathi

dāśarathi - son of Dasharatha

Patronymic noun derived from Dasharatha

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction.

शयाने (śayāne) - while lying, resting

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying down, resting

Present Middle Participle

from root `śī` (to lie) with `śānac` suffix

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `dāśarathau` in the locative absolute construction.

सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

(indeclinable)

सीतया (sītayā) - by Sita, with Sita

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita

Note: Used with `saha`.

शक्या (śakyā) - possible, capable

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable

Gerundive

from root `śak` (to be able) with `ṇyat` suffix

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with an implied 'asti'.

निद्रा (nidrā) - sleep

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nidrā

nidrā - sleep, slumber

Note: Subject of the sentence.

मया (mayā) - by me (Lakshmana) (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Agent in the passive construction.

लब्धुम् (labdhum) - to obtain, to gain

(indeclinable)

infinitive

from root `labh` (to obtain) with `tumun` suffix

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Infinitive expressing purpose or potential.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

from root `jīv` (to live) with `kta` suffix

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Another subject for 'śakyā labdhum'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

सुखानि (sukhāni) - pleasures, comforts

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sukha

sukha - pleasure, happiness, comfort

Note: Another subject for 'śakyā labdhum'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)