वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-45, verse-23

परिदेवयमानस्य दुःखार्तस्य महात्मनः ।
तिष्ठतो राजपुत्रस्य शर्वरी सात्यवर्तत ॥२३॥

23. paridevayamānasya duḥkhārtasya mahātmanaḥ ,
tiṣṭhato rājaputrasya śarvarī sātyavartata.

23. paridevayamānasya duḥkhārtasya mahātmanaḥ
tiṣṭhataḥ rājaputrasya śarvarī sā atyavartata

23. sā śarvarī paridevayamānasya duḥkhārtasya
tiṣṭhataḥ rājaputrasya mahātmanaḥ atyavartata

23. That night passed for the great-souled (mahātman) prince, who stood there lamenting and tormented by sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• परिदेवयमानस्य (paridevayamānasya) - of the lamenting one, of the grieving one

• दुःखार्तस्य (duḥkhārtasya) - of one afflicted by sorrow, of the distressed one

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one

• तिष्ठतः (tiṣṭhataḥ) - of the standing one, of the one remaining

• राजपुत्रस्य (rājaputrasya) - of the prince, of the king's son

• शर्वरी (śarvarī) - night

• सा (sā) - that (night) (that, she)

• अत्यवर्तत (atyavartata) - passed, elapsed, spent

Words meanings and morphology

परिदेवयमानस्य (paridevayamānasya) - of the lamenting one, of the grieving one

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paridevayamāna

paridevayamāna - lamenting, grieving, wailing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from the verb 'paridevaya' (causative of 'div' with prefix 'pari') meaning 'to lament', with the present participle suffix '-māna'.

Prefix: pari

Root: div (class 1)

दुःखार्तस्य (duḥkhārtasya) - of one afflicted by sorrow, of the distressed one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by sorrow, distressed, miserable

Tatpuruṣa compound meaning 'afflicted by sorrow'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'ṛ' (to go, to move) with prefix 'ā', or directly from root 'ṛt' (to be in distress).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted person, the Supreme Soul (ātman)

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'ātman' (soul).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an

तिष्ठतः (tiṣṭhataḥ) - of the standing one, of the one remaining

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, remaining, existing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of the root 'sthā'.

Root: sthā (class 1)

राजपुत्रस्य (rājaputrasya) - of the prince, of the king's son

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājaputra

rājaputra - prince, king's son

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'rājan' (king) + 'putra' (son).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

शर्वरी (śarvarī) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śarvarī

śarvarī - night, darkness

सा (sā) - that (night) (that, she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

अत्यवर्तत (atyavartata) - passed, elapsed, spent

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of ativṛt

Verb formed by prefix 'ati' and root 'vṛt'.

Prefix: ati

Root: vṛt (class 1)