वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-38, verse-8

ते रत्नहीनास्तरुणाः फलकाले विवासिताः ।
कथं वत्स्यन्ति कृपणाः फलमूलैः कृताशनाः ॥८॥

8. te ratnahīnāstaruṇāḥ phalakāle vivāsitāḥ ,
kathaṃ vatsyanti kṛpaṇāḥ phalamūlaiḥ kṛtāśanāḥ.

8. te ratnahīnāḥ taruṇāḥ phalakāle vivāsitāḥ
katham vatsyanti kṛpaṇāḥ phalamūlaiḥ kṛtāśanāḥ

8. te ratnahīnāḥ taruṇāḥ phalakāle vivāsitāḥ
kṛpaṇāḥ phalamūlaiḥ kṛtāśanāḥ katham vatsyanti

8. Bereft of jewels, those youths, exiled at the time of their prosperity, how will they, the wretched ones, live, having made fruits and roots their sole sustenance?

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - referring to Rama, Sita, and Lakṣmaṇa (those)

• रत्नहीनाः (ratnahīnāḥ) - bereft of jewels, jewel-less

• तरुणाः (taruṇāḥ) - youths, young men

• फलकाले (phalakāle) - at the time when they should be enjoying the results of their good deeds/birth (at the time of fruition/prosperity)

• विवासिताः (vivāsitāḥ) - exiled, banished, driven away

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• वत्स्यन्ति (vatsyanti) - will live, will dwell, will reside

• कृपणाः (kṛpaṇāḥ) - wretched, miserable, poor ones

• फलमूलैः (phalamūlaiḥ) - by fruits and roots

• कृताशनाः (kṛtāśanāḥ) - whose sustenance is made up of fruits and roots (having made (them) their food, whose food is made (of them))

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - referring to Rama, Sita, and Lakṣmaṇa (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

रत्नहीनाः (ratnahīnāḥ) - bereft of jewels, jewel-less

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratnahīna

ratnahīna - deprived of jewels

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratna+hīna)

• ratna – jewel, gem, precious object
  noun (neuter)
• hīna – deprived of, deficient in, inferior
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root hā (to abandon, leave)
  Root: hā (class 3)

तरुणाः (taruṇāḥ) - youths, young men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of taruṇa

taruṇa - young, youthful; a youth

फलकाले (phalakāle) - at the time when they should be enjoying the results of their good deeds/birth (at the time of fruition/prosperity)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of phalakāla

phalakāla - time of fruition, time for harvest, time of prosperity

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (phala+kāla)

• phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward
  noun (neuter)
• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)

विवासिताः (vivāsitāḥ) - exiled, banished, driven away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vivāsita

vivāsita - exiled, banished

Past Passive Participle

from root vas (to dwell) with prefix vi (away, apart) and causative suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: vas (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

वत्स्यन्ति (vatsyanti) - will live, will dwell, will reside

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of vas

Root: vas (class 1)

कृपणाः (kṛpaṇāḥ) - wretched, miserable, poor ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - wretched, miserable, poor, pitiable

फलमूलैः (phalamūlaiḥ) - by fruits and roots

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of phalamūla

phalamūla - fruits and roots

Compound type : dvandva (phala+mūla)

• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)
• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)

कृताशनाः (kṛtāśanāḥ) - whose sustenance is made up of fruits and roots (having made (them) their food, whose food is made (of them))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtāśana

kṛtāśana - whose food is made (of something)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+aśana)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• aśana – food, eating
  noun (neuter)
  from root aś (to eat)
  Root: aś (class 9)