वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-26, verse-10

वनवासे हि जानामि दुःखानि बहुधा किल ।
प्राप्यन्ते नियतं वीर पुरुषैरकृतात्मभिः ॥१०॥

10. vanavāse hi jānāmi duḥkhāni bahudhā kila ,
prāpyante niyataṃ vīra puruṣairakṛtātmabhiḥ.

10. vanavāse hi jānāmi duḥkhāni bahudhā kila
prāpyante niyatam vīra puruṣaiḥ akṛtātmabhiḥ

10. vīra,
aham vanavāse hi bahudhā duḥkhāni niyataṃ jānāmi,
[yāni] akṛtātmabhiḥ puruṣaiḥ prāpyante kila.

10. Indeed, I know that during a forest dwelling, sorrows are certainly encountered in many ways, O hero, by men whose (ātman) inner self is not disciplined.

Words meanings summery:

• वनवासे (vanavāse) - during the period of living in the forest (in forest dwelling, in exile in the forest)

• हि (hi) - emphasizes the statement (indeed, certainly, for)

• जानामि (jānāmi) - I know, I understand

• दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - the difficulties and hardships of forest life (sorrows, sufferings, pains)

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, manifoldly

• किल (kila) - emphasizes certainty or common knowledge (indeed, certainly, as it were)

• प्राप्यन्ते (prāpyante) - sorrows are experienced (they are obtained, they are reached, they are experienced)

• नियतम् (niyatam) - certainly, constantly, inevitably

• वीर (vīra) - (vocative) referring to Rama (O hero, brave man)

• पुरुषैः (puruṣaiḥ) - by people who are not self-controlled (by men, by persons, by individuals)

• अकृतात्मभिः (akṛtātmabhiḥ) - by persons who have not trained or prepared their inner self (ātman) (by those whose self is not disciplined, by the uncontrolled)

Words meanings and morphology

वनवासे (vanavāse) - during the period of living in the forest (in forest dwelling, in exile in the forest)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vanavāsa

vanavāsa - living in the forest, forest dwelling, exile in the forest

Tatpurusha compound: vana (forest) + vāsa (dwelling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+vāsa)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, residence, abode
  noun (masculine)
  From root vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 10)

हि (hi) - emphasizes the statement (indeed, certainly, for)

(indeclinable)

particle

जानामि (jānāmi) - I know, I understand

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present Active Indicative

1st person singular. Root of 9th class (jñā-).

Root: jñā (class 9)

दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - the difficulties and hardships of forest life (sorrows, sufferings, pains)

(noun)

neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, unhappiness

Note: Used as direct object.

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, manifoldly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -dhā (indicating manner).

किल (kila) - emphasizes certainty or common knowledge (indeed, certainly, as it were)

(indeclinable)

particle

प्राप्यन्ते (prāpyante) - sorrows are experienced (they are obtained, they are reached, they are experienced)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of prāp

Present Passive Indicative

3rd person plural. From root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: The subject is 'duḥkhāni'.

नियतम् (niyatam) - certainly, constantly, inevitably

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root yam (to restrain) with prefix ni. Used adverbially here.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially.

वीर (vīra) - (vocative) referring to Rama (O hero, brave man)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

पुरुषैः (puruṣaiḥ) - by people who are not self-controlled (by men, by persons, by individuals)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, the Supreme Being (puruṣa)

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

अकृतात्मभिः (akṛtātmabhiḥ) - by persons who have not trained or prepared their inner self (ātman) (by those whose self is not disciplined, by the uncontrolled)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of akṛtātman

akṛtātman - one whose self is not cultivated/disciplined, unprepared mind

Bahuvrihi compound: a (not) + kṛta (done, disciplined) + ātman (self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṛta+ātman)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kṛta – done, made, cultivated, disciplined
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'puruṣaiḥ'.

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