वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-70, verse-18

तस्याप्रदानाद्ब्रह्मर्षे युद्धमासीन्मया सह ।
स हतो ऽभिमुखो राजा सुधन्वा तु मया रणे ॥१८॥

18. tasyāpradānādbrahmarṣe yuddhamāsīnmayā saha ,
sa hato'bhimukho rājā sudhanvā tu mayā raṇe.

18. tasya apradānāt brahmarṣe yuddham āsīt mayā saha
saḥ hataḥ abhimukhaḥ rājā sudhanvā tu mayā raṇe

18. brahmarṣe tasya apradānāt mayā saha yuddham āsīt
tu saḥ rājā sudhanvā abhimukhaḥ mayā raṇe hataḥ

18. O great sage (brahmarṣi), because of his refusal (to give), a battle ensued between him and me. That King Sudhanvan, who faced me, was killed by me in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• अप्रदानात् (apradānāt) - from non-giving, due to not giving, due to refusal

• ब्रह्मर्षे (brahmarṣe) - O great sage, O Brahmarshi

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed, happened, occurred

• मया (mayā) - by me, with me

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, smitten

• अभिमुखः (abhimukhaḥ) - facing, directed towards, confronting

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - Sudhanvan (name of a king)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• मया (mayā) - by me, with me

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

अप्रदानात् (apradānāt) - from non-giving, due to not giving, due to refusal

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of apradāna

apradāna - non-giving, refusal, withholding

Derived from 'pra-dā' (to give) with 'an' (negative) prefix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+pradāna)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• pradāna – giving, bestowing, donation
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'pra-dā' (to give) + 'ana' suffix.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)

ब्रह्मर्षे (brahmarṣe) - O great sage, O Brahmarshi

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahmarṣi

brahmarṣi - a sage of the brahmin class, a divine sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (brahman+ṛṣi)

• brahman – the Absolute, the universal spirit, a priest
  noun (neuter)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yudh' (to fight) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: yudh (class 4)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed, happened, occurred

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

मया (mayā) - by me, with me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, smitten

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, smitten, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: han (class 2)

अभिमुखः (abhimukhaḥ) - facing, directed towards, confronting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing, confronting, fronting, imminent

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, against, over
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - Sudhanvan (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudhanvan

sudhanvan - having a good bow, a skilled archer (proper name of a king)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+dhanvan)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• dhanvan – bow (weapon)
  noun (neuter)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

मया (mayā) - by me, with me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

Root: raṇ (class 1)