वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-70, verse-15

वृद्धे पितरि स्वर्याते धर्मेण धुरमावहम् ।
भ्रातरं देवसंकाशं स्नेहात् पश्यन् कुशध्वजम् ॥१५॥

15. vṛddhe pitari svaryāte dharmeṇa dhuramāvaham ,
bhrātaraṃ devasaṃkāśaṃ snehāt paśyan kuśadhvajam.

15. vṛddhe pitari svaryāte dharmeṇa dhuram āvahām
bhrātaram devasaṃkāśam snehāt paśyan kuśadhvajam

15. vṛddhe pitari svaryāte (sati),
(aham) dharmeṇa dhuram āvahām,
devasaṃkāśam bhrātaram kuśadhvajam snehāt paśyan (ca)

15. After my aged father passed away to heaven, I continued to bear the burden of rule according to (natural) law (dharma), all the while affectionately overseeing my god-like brother Kushadhvaja.

Words meanings summery:

• वृद्धे (vṛddhe) - aged (aged, old, grown)

• पितरि (pitari) - when the father (my father) (in the father, to the father, when the father)

• स्वर्याते (svaryāte) - deceased (gone to heaven) (having gone to heaven, deceased)

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - according to (natural) law (dharma) (by (natural) law (dharma), righteously, according to duty)

• धुरम् (dhuram) - the burden of rule, responsibility (burden, yoke, responsibility)

• आवहाम् (āvahām) - I bore (the burden) (I carried, I bore, I brought)

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - my brother (brother)

• देवसंकाशम् (devasaṁkāśam) - god-like (Kushadhvaja) (god-like, resembling a god)

• स्नेहात् (snehāt) - out of affection (from affection, out of love, lovingly)

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - overseeing, regarding (seeing, looking, observing, regarding)

• कुशध्वजम् (kuśadhvajam) - Kushadhvaja (my younger brother) (Kushadhvaja (proper noun))

Words meanings and morphology

वृद्धे (vṛddhe) - aged (aged, old, grown)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛdh (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

पितरि (pitari) - when the father (my father) (in the father, to the father, when the father)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

स्वर्याते (svaryāte) - deceased (gone to heaven) (having gone to heaven, deceased)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of svaryāta

svaryāta - gone to heaven, deceased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yā (to go) with prefix svar-.

Prefix: svar

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - according to (natural) law (dharma) (by (natural) law (dharma), righteously, according to duty)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

धुरम् (dhuram) - the burden of rule, responsibility (burden, yoke, responsibility)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhur

dhur - yoke, burden, responsibility, front part

Note: Object of `āvahām`.

आवहाम् (āvahām) - I bore (the burden) (I carried, I bore, I brought)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āvah

Imperfect tense, 1st person singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Subject 'aham' (I, Janaka) is implied.

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - my brother (brother)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Object of 'paśyan'.

देवसंकाशम् (devasaṁkāśam) - god-like (Kushadhvaja) (god-like, resembling a god)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devasaṃkāśa

devasaṁkāśa - god-like, resembling a god

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (deva+saṃkāśa)

• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• saṃkāśa – resembling, like, similar to, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'bhrātaram'.

स्नेहात् (snehāt) - out of affection (from affection, out of love, lovingly)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sneha

sneha - affection, love, tenderness, oil, fat

Root: snih (class 4)

Note: Indicates reason or source.

पश्यन् (paśyan) - overseeing, regarding (seeing, looking, observing, regarding)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking, observing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dṛś (to see), with 'paśya' as the present stem.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject 'aham'.

कुशध्वजम् (kuśadhvajam) - Kushadhvaja (my younger brother) (Kushadhvaja (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kuśadhvaja

kuśadhvaja - Kushadhvaja (name of a king, Janaka's younger brother)

Note: Object of `paśyan`.