वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-70, verse-13

तस्य पुत्रद्वयं जज्ञे धर्मज्ञस्य महात्मनः ।
ज्येष्ठो ऽहमनुजो भ्राता मम वीरः कुशध्वजः ॥१३॥

13. tasya putradvayaṃ jajñe dharmajñasya mahātmanaḥ ,
jyeṣṭho'hamanujo bhrātā mama vīraḥ kuśadhvajaḥ.

13. tasya putra-dvayam jajñe dharmajñasya mahātmanaḥ
jyeṣṭhaḥ aham anujaḥ bhrātā mama vīraḥ kuśadhvajaḥ

13. dharmajñasya mahātmanaḥ tasya putradvayam jajñe
aham jyeṣṭhaḥ mama vīraḥ bhrātā kuśadhvajaḥ anujaḥ

13. Of that greatly noble (mahātman) and righteous (dharmajña) one, two sons were born. I am the elder, and my younger brother is the valiant Kuśadhvaja.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (one) (of him, his, of that)

• पुत्रद्वयम् (putradvayam) - two sons (a pair of sons, two sons)

• जज्ञे (jajñe) - were born (was born, came into being)

• धर्मज्ञस्य (dharmajñasya) - of the righteous one (of the knower of righteousness, of the virtuous one)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the greatly noble one (of the noble-souled, of the great soul (ātman))

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - elder (eldest, chief, best)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अनुजः (anujaḥ) - younger brother (younger born, younger brother)

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - valiant (brave, heroic, valiant, warrior)

• कुशध्वजः (kuśadhvajaḥ) - Kuśadhvaja (a proper name) (Kuśadhvaja (proper name); one whose banner is kuśa grass)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of that (one) (of him, his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पुत्रद्वयम् (putradvayam) - two sons (a pair of sons, two sons)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of putradvaya

putradvaya - a pair of sons, two sons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+dvaya)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• dvaya – a pair, duo, two
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from dvi (two).
  Root: dvi

Note: Despite referring to two individuals, 'dvaya' is grammatically singular.

जज्ञे (jajñe) - were born (was born, came into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of jan

Perfect tense, ātmanepada (middle voice)

3rd person singular perfect form of root jan.

Root: jan (class 4)

धर्मज्ञस्य (dharmajñasya) - of the righteous one (of the knower of righteousness, of the virtuous one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knowing righteousness (dharma), virtuous, pious, skilled in sacred law

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, understanding, wise, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  suffix forming agent nouns/adjectives
  Derived from root jñā (to know) with suffix -a.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the greatly noble one (of the noble-souled, of the great soul (ātman))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, exalted, high-minded, one whose soul (ātman) is great

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of mahant (great). Used as first member of compounds.
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, ego (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - elder (eldest, chief, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, senior, chief, most excellent

Superlative

Superlative form of 'vr̥ddha' (old/great), from root vr̥dh.

Root: vr̥dh (class 1)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Gender not specified for 1st/2nd person pronouns.

अनुजः (anujaḥ) - younger brother (younger born, younger brother)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuja

anuja - younger born, younger brother

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anu+ja)

• anu – after, along, in conformity with
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• ja – born, produced, generated
  adjective (masculine)
  suffix forming agent nouns/adjectives
  Derived from root jan (to be born) with suffix -a.
  Root: jan (class 4)

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Root: bhṛ

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Gender not specified for 1st/2nd person pronouns.

वीरः (vīraḥ) - valiant (brave, heroic, valiant, warrior)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave, valiant

Root: vīr (class 1)

कुशध्वजः (kuśadhvajaḥ) - Kuśadhvaja (a proper name) (Kuśadhvaja (proper name); one whose banner is kuśa grass)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśadhvaja

kuśadhvaja - Kuśadhvaja (name of a king); one whose banner is a kuśa grass

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kuśa+dhvaja)

• kuśa – a type of sacred grass (Poa cynosuroides)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kuś (class 9)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhvaj (class 1)