वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-70, verse-16

कस्य चित्त्वथ कालस्य सांकाश्यादगमत् पुरात् ।
सुधन्वा वीर्यवान् राजा मिथिलामवरोधकः ॥१६॥

16. kasya cittvatha kālasya sāṃkāśyādagamat purāt ,
sudhanvā vīryavān rājā mithilāmavarodhakaḥ.

16. kasya cit tu atha kālasya sāṃkāśyāt agamat purāt
sudhanvā vīryavān rājā mithilām avarodhakaḥ

16. atha tu kasya cit kālasya,
vīryavān rājā sudhanvā purāt sāṃkāśyāt mithilām avarodhakaḥ agamat

16. Then, after some time, the valiant King Sudhanvan came from the city of Sankashya, besieging Mithila.

Words meanings summery:

• कस्य (kasya) - of some (of what, whose, of some)

• चित् (cit) - some (with kasya, kālasya) (even, any, some, a certain)

• तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• कालस्य (kālasya) - after some time (of time, after time)

• सांकाश्यात् (sāṁkāśyāt) - from Sankashya (the city) (from Sankashya)

• अगमत् (agamat) - came (went, came, reached)

• पुरात् (purāt) - from the city (of Sankashya) (from the city, formerly, previously)

• सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - King Sudhanvan (Sudhanvan (proper noun))

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valiant (valorous, powerful, strong)

• राजा (rājā) - king (Sudhanvan) (king, ruler)

• मिथिलाम् (mithilām) - to Mithila (Janaka's capital) (to Mithila)

• अवरोधकः (avarodhakaḥ) - besieging (Mithila) (besieger, obstructer, inhibitor)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्य (kasya) - of some (of what, whose, of some)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Used with 'cit' to mean 'some'.

चित् (cit) - some (with kasya, kālasya) (even, any, some, a certain)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle used to express indefiniteness.

तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

कालस्य (kālasya) - after some time (of time, after time)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, proper time, death

Note: Often used with indefinite pronouns to mean "after some time".

सांकाश्यात् (sāṁkāśyāt) - from Sankashya (the city) (from Sankashya)

(proper noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sāṃkāśya

sāṁkāśya - Sankashya (name of a city)

Note: Indicates origin.

अगमत् (agamat) - came (went, came, reached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of gam

Aorist tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

पुरात् (purāt) - from the city (of Sankashya) (from the city, formerly, previously)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town, fortress

Note: Often used with place names in ablative.

सुधन्वा (sudhanvā) - King Sudhanvan (Sudhanvan (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudhanvan

sudhanvan - having a good bow, skilled archer (proper noun: King Sudhanvan)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+dhanuḥ)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• dhanuḥ – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'agamat'.

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valiant (valorous, powerful, strong)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - valorous, powerful, strong, heroic

Derived from 'vīrya' (valor) with suffix '-vat'.

Note: Adjective modifying 'rājā'.

राजा (rājā) - king (Sudhanvan) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Appositive to 'Sudhanvā'.

मिथिलाम् (mithilām) - to Mithila (Janaka's capital) (to Mithila)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mithilā

mithilā - Mithila (name of a city, Janaka's capital)

Note: Indicates direction of motion.

अवरोधकः (avarodhakaḥ) - besieging (Mithila) (besieger, obstructer, inhibitor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avarodhaka

avarodhaka - one who besieges, obstructs, imprisons

Agent noun

Derived from root rudh (to obstruct) with prefix ava- and suffix -aka.

Prefix: ava

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Adjective-like in function, describing Sudhanvan.