वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-31, verse-22

किमिदं कथ्यतां पुत्र्यः को धर्ममवमन्यते ।
कुब्जाः केन कृताः सर्वा वेष्टन्त्यो नाभिभाषथ ॥२२॥

22. kimidaṃ kathyatāṃ putryaḥ ko dharmamavamanyate ,
kubjāḥ kena kṛtāḥ sarvā veṣṭantyo nābhibhāṣatha.

22. kim idam kathyatām putryaḥ kaḥ dharmam avamanyate
kubjāḥ kena kṛtāḥ sarvāḥ veṣṭantyaḥ na abhibhāṣatha

22. putryaḥ kim idam kathyatām kaḥ dharmam avamanyate
kena sarvāḥ kubjāḥ kṛtāḥ veṣṭantyaḥ na abhibhāṣatha

22. What is this? Tell me, daughters! Who disrespects the natural law (dharma)? By whom have all of you been made hunchbacked? Why do you not speak, even though you surround me?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, why, which

• इदम् (idam) - this

• कथ्यताम् (kathyatām) - let it be told

• पुत्र्यः (putryaḥ) - O daughters

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• अवमन्यते (avamanyate) - disrespects, disregards

• कुब्जाः (kubjāḥ) - hunchbacked women

• केन (kena) - by whom, by what

• कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made, done

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all

• वेष्टन्त्यः (veṣṭantyaḥ) - surrounding, encircling

• न (na) - not, no

• अभिभाषथ (abhibhāṣatha) - do you speak

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, why, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

कथ्यताम् (kathyatām) - let it be told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of kath

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Derived from 'kath' (to tell) with passive voice and imperative mood suffix -tām.

पुत्र्यः (putryaḥ) - O daughters

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, plural of putrī

putrī - daughter

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution

अवमन्यते (avamanyate) - disrespects, disregards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ava-man

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Derived from 'ava-man' (to disrespect) in present tense, middle voice.

कुब्जाः (kubjāḥ) - hunchbacked women

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kubjā

kubjā - hunchbacked, a hunchbacked woman

केन (kena) - by whom, by what

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made, done

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kṛta

kṛta - made, done, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do/make) forming a past passive participle.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

वेष्टन्त्यः (veṣṭantyaḥ) - surrounding, encircling

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of veṣṭantī

veṣṭantī - surrounding, encircling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'veṣṭ' (to surround) forming a present active participle.

Root: veṣṭ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अभिभाषथ (abhibhāṣatha) - do you speak

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of abhi-bhāṣ

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Derived from 'abhi-bhāṣ' (to speak to) in present tense, middle voice.