वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-31, verse-21

ताः कन्या वायुना भग्ना विविशुर्नृपतेर्गृहम् ।
दृष्ट्वा भग्नास्तदा राजा संभ्रान्त इदमब्रवीत् ॥२१॥

21. tāḥ kanyā vāyunā bhagnā viviśurnṛpatergṛham ,
dṛṣṭvā bhagnāstadā rājā saṃbhrānta idamabravīt.

21. tāḥ kanyāḥ vāyunā bhagnāḥ viviśuḥ nṛpateḥ gṛham
dṛṣṭvā bhagnāḥ tadā rājā saṁbhrāntaḥ idam abravīt

21. vāyunā bhagnāḥ tāḥ kanyāḥ nṛpateḥ gṛham viviśuḥ
tadā rājā bhagnāḥ dṛṣṭvā saṁbhrāntaḥ idam abravīt

21. Those maidens, broken by Vāyu, entered the king's house. Seeing them thus shattered, the king was bewildered and spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• ताः (tāḥ) - those (feminine)

• कन्याः (kanyāḥ) - maidens, girls

• वायुना (vāyunā) - by the god Vāyu (by Vāyu, by the wind)

• भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - broken, shattered

• विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they entered

• नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king, king's

• गृहम् (gṛham) - house, home

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - broken, shattered

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• राजा (rājā) - king

• संभ्रान्तः (saṁbhrāntaḥ) - bewildered, agitated, confused

• इदम् (idam) - this, these words

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

ताः (tāḥ) - those (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, she, they

Note: Adjective modifying 'kanyāḥ'.

कन्याः (kanyāḥ) - maidens, girls

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kanyā

kanyā - girl, maiden, daughter, virgin

Note: Subject of 'viviśuḥ'.

वायुना (vāyunā) - by the god Vāyu (by Vāyu, by the wind)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, the god Vāyu

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'bhagnāḥ'.

भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - broken, shattered

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated, dejected

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhañj' (to break)

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Adjective modifying 'kanyāḥ'.

विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they entered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of viś

Perfect

3rd person plural Perfect, active voice

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king, king's

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, modifying 'gṛham'.

गृहम् (gṛham) - house, home

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, dwelling, home

Note: Object of 'viviśuḥ'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix '-tvā'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'abravīt'.

भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - broken, shattered

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated, dejected

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhañj' (to break)

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

संभ्रान्तः (saṁbhrāntaḥ) - bewildered, agitated, confused

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṁbhrānta

saṁbhrānta - bewildered, agitated, confused, terrified

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhram' (to wander, be confused) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'rājā'.

इदम् (idam) - this, these words

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect

3rd person singular Imperfect, active voice

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.