वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-26, verse-1

अथ तां रजनीमुष्य विश्वामिरो महायशाः ।
प्रहस्य राघवं वाक्यमुवाच मधुराक्षरम् ॥१॥

1. atha tāṃ rajanīmuṣya viśvāmiro mahāyaśāḥ ,
prahasya rāghavaṃ vākyamuvāca madhurākṣaram.

1. atha tām rajanīm uṣya viśvāmitraḥ mahāyaśāḥ
prahasya rāghavam vākyam uvāca madhurākṣaram

1. atha tām rajanīm uṣya mahāyaśāḥ viśvāmitraḥ
prahasya rāghavam madhurākṣaram vākyam uvāca

1. Then, after spending that night, Viśvāmitra, the highly glorious (sage), smiled and spoke to Rāghava (Rāma) in sweet words.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereafter

• ताम् (tām) - that (feminine, accusative)

• रजनीम् (rajanīm) - night (accusative)

• उष्य (uṣya) - having stayed, having spent (the night)

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (proper noun)

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - highly renowned, glorious

• प्रहस्य (prahasya) - having laughed, with a smile

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - to Rāghava (Rāma)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• मधुराक्षरम् (madhurākṣaram) - with sweet words, soft-spoken

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereafter

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - that (feminine, accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

रजनीम् (rajanīm) - night (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

उष्य (uṣya) - having stayed, having spent (the night)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

derived from root vas (to dwell) with suffix -ya (irregular form)

Root: vas (class 1)

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (name of a famous sage)

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - highly renowned, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - having great fame, very glorious

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• yaśas – fame, glory, reputation
  noun (neuter)

प्रहस्य (prahasya) - having laughed, with a smile

(indeclinable)

absolutive

prefix pra- + root has + suffix -ya

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

राघवम् (rāghavam) - to Rāghava (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, an epithet of Rāma

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

Root: vac (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

मधुराक्षरम् (madhurākṣaram) - with sweet words, soft-spoken

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhurākṣara

madhurākṣara - of sweet words/syllables, soft-spoken

Compound type : bahuvrihi (madhura+akṣara)

• madhura – sweet, pleasant, charming
  adjective (neuter)
• akṣara – syllable, letter, imperishable
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: a
  Root: kṣar (class 1)