वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-22, verse-11

तपस्यन्तमिह स्थाणुं नियमेन समाहितम् ।
कृतोद्वाहं तु देवेशं गच्छन्तं समरुद्गणम् ।
धर्षयामास दुर्मेधा हुंकृतश्च महात्मना ॥११॥

11. tapasyantamiha sthāṇuṃ niyamena samāhitam ,
kṛtodvāhaṃ tu deveśaṃ gacchantaṃ samarudgaṇam ,
dharṣayāmāsa durmedhā huṃkṛtaśca mahātmanā.

11. tapasyantam iha sthāṇum niyamena
samāhitam kṛtodvāham tu deveśam
gacchantam samarudgaṇam dharṣayāmāsa
durmedhāḥ huṃkṛtaḥ ca mahātmanā

11. iha durmedhāḥ niyamena samāhitam
tapasyantam sthāṇum tu kṛtodvāham
samarudgaṇam gacchantam deveśam
dharṣayāmāsa ca mahātmanā huṃkṛtaḥ

11. Here, the evil-minded [Kandarpa] (Durmedhā) dared to harass Sthanu (Sthāṇu), who was absorbed in practicing austerity (tapas) with strict discipline (niyama). He also harassed the lord of gods (Deveśa), who had just married and was proceeding with the host of Maruts. And the great-souled one (Mahātman) [Sthanu] roared (huṃkṛta) at him.

Words meanings summery:

• तपस्यन्तम् (tapasyantam) - (Sthanu) who was practicing austerity (tapas) (practicing austerity, performing penance)

• इह (iha) - here (in this hermitage) (here, in this world, in this place)

• स्थाणुम् (sthāṇum) - Sthanu (an epithet of Shiva) (Sthanu (name of Shiva), a pillar, firm, immovable)

• नियमेन (niyamena) - with strict discipline (niyama) (by rule, with discipline, with restraint)

• समाहितम् (samāhitam) - deeply absorbed (in meditation) (concentrated, absorbed, composed)

• कृतोद्वाहम् (kṛtodvāham) - (Deveśa) who had just married (who had performed marriage, married)

• तु (tu) - and, but (connects two descriptions of the harassed deity) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• देवेशम् (deveśam) - the lord of gods (Shiva) (lord of gods)

• गच्छन्तम् (gacchantam) - (Deveśa) who was proceeding (going, proceeding)

• समरुद्गणम् (samarudgaṇam) - accompanied by the host of Maruts (storm gods) (with the host of Maruts)

• धर्षयामास (dharṣayāmāsa) - (Kandarpa) harassed (he assaulted, harassed, dared)

• दुर्मेधाः (durmedhāḥ) - the evil-minded [Kandarpa] (evil-minded, foolish, ignorant)

• हुंकृतः (huṁkṛtaḥ) - (Kandarpa) was roared at / met with a roar (roared at, rebuked with a 'hum' sound, uttered a hum)

• च (ca) - and (connects the two actions) (and, also)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one (Mahātman, i.e., Shiva) (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

Words meanings and morphology

तपस्यन्तम् (tapasyantam) - (Sthanu) who was practicing austerity (tapas) (practicing austerity, performing penance)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapasya

tapasya - to perform austerity, to practice penance

Present active participle

From denominative root tapasy (from tapas), present participle śatṛ, accusative singular masculine.

Root: tapasya

Note: Accusative singular masculine.

इह (iha) - here (in this hermitage) (here, in this world, in this place)

(indeclinable)

स्थाणुम् (sthāṇum) - Sthanu (an epithet of Shiva) (Sthanu (name of Shiva), a pillar, firm, immovable)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthāṇu

sthāṇu - Shiva, a post, a trunk, firm, immovable

From root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular masculine.

नियमेन (niyamena) - with strict discipline (niyama) (by rule, with discipline, with restraint)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of niyama

niyama - rule, discipline, self-restraint, vow, religious observance

From ni-yam root (to restrain, regulate).

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Instrumental singular masculine.

समाहितम् (samāhitam) - deeply absorbed (in meditation) (concentrated, absorbed, composed)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samāhita

samāhita - concentrated, composed, collected, fixed, contained

Past Passive Participle

From sam-ā-dhā root (to place together, fix, concentrate).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Accusative singular masculine.

कृतोद्वाहम् (kṛtodvāham) - (Deveśa) who had just married (who had performed marriage, married)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtodvāha

kṛtodvāha - one who has performed marriage, married

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+udvāha)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• udvāha – marriage, carrying away, taking
  noun (masculine)
  From ud-vah root (to carry up, marry)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, qualifying Deveśa.

तु (tu) - and, but (connects two descriptions of the harassed deity) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

देवेशम् (deveśam) - the lord of gods (Shiva) (lord of gods)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deveśa

deveśa - lord of gods (Indra, Shiva, Vishnu)

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+īśa)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Accusative singular masculine.

गच्छन्तम् (gacchantam) - (Deveśa) who was proceeding (going, proceeding)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gam

gam - to go, move

Present active participle

From root gam, present participle śatṛ, accusative singular masculine.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular masculine.

समरुद्गणम् (samarudgaṇam) - accompanied by the host of Maruts (storm gods) (with the host of Maruts)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samarudgaṇa

samarudgaṇa - accompanied by the Marut host

sa (with) + marut (Marut, storm god) + gaṇa (host, troop).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+marut+gaṇa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• marut – wind-god, Marut
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – host, troop, collection
  noun (masculine)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, qualifying Deveśa.

धर्षयामास (dharṣayāmāsa) - (Kandarpa) harassed (he assaulted, harassed, dared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dhṛṣ

Periphrastic Perfect (ām)

3rd person singular, active voice, periphrastic perfect (lit). Formed from dharṣaya (causative stem) + ām + as (perfect).

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

दुर्मेधाः (durmedhāḥ) - the evil-minded [Kandarpa] (evil-minded, foolish, ignorant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmedhas

durmedhas - evil-minded, foolish, ignorant, having bad intellect

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+medhas)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• medhas – intellect, wisdom, spiritual merit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, referring to Kandarpa.

हुंकृतः (huṁkṛtaḥ) - (Kandarpa) was roared at / met with a roar (roared at, rebuked with a 'hum' sound, uttered a hum)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of huṃkṛta

huṁkṛta - roared at, rebuked with 'hum', uttered 'hum'

Past Passive Participle

From huṃ-kṛ (to make a 'hum' sound, roar).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, implicitly referring to Kandarpa.

च (ca) - and (connects the two actions) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one (Mahātman, i.e., Shiva) (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble-minded, a great being (Mahātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrumental singular masculine.