वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-14, verse-21

तदुद्धतं रावणमृद्धतेजसं प्रवृद्धदर्पं त्रिदशेश्वरद्विषम् ।
विरावणं साधु तपस्विकण्टकं तपस्विनामुद्धर तं भयावहम् ॥२१॥

21. taduddhataṃ rāvaṇamṛddhatejasaṃ pravṛddhadarpaṃ tridaśeśvaradviṣam ,
virāvaṇaṃ sādhu tapasvikaṇṭakaṃ tapasvināmuddhara taṃ bhayāvaham.

21. tat uddhatam rāvaṇam ṛddha-tejasam
pra-vṛddha-darpam tri-daśa-īśvara-dviṣam
vi-rāvaṇam sādhu tapasvi-kaṇṭakam
tapasvinām uddhara tam bhaya-āvaham

21. sādhu uddhara tam rāvaṇam uddhatam
ṛddha-tejasam pra-vṛddha-darpam
tri-daśa-īśvara-dviṣam vi-rāvaṇam
tapasvi-kaṇṭakam tapasvinām bhaya-āvaham

21. Please indeed, deliver us from that arrogant Ravana, whose might has grown, whose pride has greatly increased, who is an enemy of the lords of the gods, who causes great suffering, who is a thorn to the ascetics (tapasvins), and who is terrifying to them.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that, him

• उद्धतम् (uddhatam) - arrogant, haughty, rude

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Ravana

• ऋद्ध-तेजसम् (ṛddha-tejasam) - of immense power, whose might has grown

• प्र-वृद्ध-दर्पम् (pra-vṛddha-darpam) - whose pride has greatly increased

• त्रि-दश-ईश्वर-द्विषम् (tri-daśa-īśvara-dviṣam) - enemy of the lords of the thirty (gods)

• वि-रावणम् (vi-rāvaṇam) - causing great wailing/suffering, terrible screamer

• साधु (sādhu) - properly, well, indeed, please

• तपस्वि-कण्टकम् (tapasvi-kaṇṭakam) - a thorn to ascetics

• तपस्विनाम् (tapasvinām) - of the ascetics (tapasvins)

• उद्धर (uddhara) - deliver, remove, rescue

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• भय-आवहम् (bhaya-āvaham) - terrifying, frightful, bringing fear

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उद्धतम् (uddhatam) - arrogant, haughty, rude

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uddhata

uddhata - arrogant, rude, uplifted, haughty

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'hṛ' with the prefix 'ud-'.

Prefix: ud

Root: hṛ (class 1)

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Ravana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (name of the demon king)

ऋद्ध-तेजसम् (ṛddha-tejasam) - of immense power, whose might has grown

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛddha-tejas

ṛddha-tejas - whose splendor has grown, of great power, endowed with increased energy

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ṛddha+tejas)

• ṛddha – prospered, grown, increased, thriving
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛdh (to thrive, prosper)
  Root: ṛdh (class 4)
• tejas – splendor, power, energy, fiery spirit
  noun (neuter)

प्र-वृद्ध-दर्पम् (pra-vṛddha-darpam) - whose pride has greatly increased

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pra-vṛddha-darpa

pra-vṛddha-darpa - greatly increased pride, swollen with arrogance

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pra-vṛddha+darpa)

• pra-vṛddha – greatly increased, fully grown
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'vṛdh' with the prefix 'pra-'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• darpa – pride, arrogance, haughtiness
  noun (masculine)

त्रि-दश-ईश्वर-द्विषम् (tri-daśa-īśvara-dviṣam) - enemy of the lords of the thirty (gods)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tri-daśa-īśvara-dviṣ

tri-daśa-īśvara-dviṣ - enemy of the lords of the thirty (gods)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tri-daśa+īśvara+dviṣ)

• tri-daśa – god, deity (literally 'thirty')
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• dviṣ – enemy, hater
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)

वि-रावणम् (vi-rāvaṇam) - causing great wailing/suffering, terrible screamer

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vi-rāvaṇa

vi-rāvaṇa - causing cries, making a great noise, terrifying one (related to name Rāvaṇa)

Compound type : pra-ādi (vi+rāvaṇa)

• vi – prefix indicating separation, intensity, diversity, or privation
  indeclinable
• rāvaṇa – causing to cry, making noise; (as proper noun) Ravana, the demon king
  noun (masculine)
  From root ru (to cry, roar)
  Root: ru (class 2)

साधु (sādhu) - properly, well, indeed, please

(indeclinable)

तपस्वि-कण्टकम् (tapasvi-kaṇṭakam) - a thorn to ascetics

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapasvi-kaṇṭaka

tapasvi-kaṇṭaka - a nuisance to ascetics, a thorn for ascetics (tapasvins)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapasvin+kaṇṭaka)

• tapasvin – ascetic, one who performs austerities (tapas)
  noun (masculine)
• kaṇṭaka – thorn, obstacle, enemy, nuisance
  noun (masculine)

तपस्विनाम् (tapasvinām) - of the ascetics (tapasvins)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, one who performs austerities (tapas)

उद्धर (uddhara) - deliver, remove, rescue

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of uddhṛ

Prefix: ud

Root: hṛ (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भय-आवहम् (bhaya-āvaham) - terrifying, frightful, bringing fear

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhaya-āvaha

bhaya-āvaha - causing fear, terrifying, frightful

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+āvaha)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• āvaha – bringing, causing, producing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Kṛt formation
  From root vah with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vah (class 1)

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