वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-14, verse-14

नाकीर्तयदवज्ञानात्तद् रक्षो मानुषांस्तदा ।
तस्मात् स मानुषाद्वध्यो मृतुर्नान्यो ऽस्य विद्यते ॥१४॥

14. nākīrtayadavajñānāttad rakṣo mānuṣāṃstadā ,
tasmāt sa mānuṣādvadhyo mṛturnānyo'sya vidyate.

14. na akīrtayat avajñānāt tat rakṣaḥ mānuṣān tadā tasmāt
sa mānuṣāt vadhyaḥ mṛtuḥ na anyaḥ asya vidyate

14. tat rakṣaḥ avajñānāt tadā mānuṣān na akīrtayat tasmāt
sa mānuṣāt vadhyaḥ asya anyaḥ mṛtuḥ na vidyate

14. That Rakshasa, out of disdain, did not mention humans at that time. Therefore, he is to be slain by a human; no other death exists for him.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अकीर्तयत् (akīrtayat) - he did not mention, he did not proclaim

• अवज्ञानात् (avajñānāt) - out of disdain, from disrespect

• तत् (tat) - that

• रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - Rakshasa, demon

• मानुषान् (mānuṣān) - humans, men

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• स (sa) - he

• मानुषात् (mānuṣāt) - by a human, from a human

• वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - to be slain, vulnerable, killable

• मृतुः (mṛtuḥ) - death

• न (na) - not, no

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

• अस्य (asya) - his, of him

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अकीर्तयत् (akīrtayat) - he did not mention, he did not proclaim

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kīrt

Causative/10th class derivative of root kṛt

Root: kṛt (class 6)

Note: Augment 'a-' for past tense

अवज्ञानात् (avajñānāt) - out of disdain, from disrespect

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of avajñāna

avajñāna - disdain, contempt, disrespect, disregard

Derived from root jñā (to know) with prefix ava- (down, away)

Prefix: ava

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Reason for not mentioning

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with rakṣaḥ, used here as a demonstrative adjective

रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - Rakshasa, demon

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - a demon, fiend, evil spirit, Rakshasa

Note: Refers to the demon who received the boon.

मानुषान् (mānuṣān) - humans, men

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, man, relating to man

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Indicates cause/reason, 'from that (fact)'

स (sa) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Rakshasa

मानुषात् (mānuṣāt) - by a human, from a human

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, man, relating to man

Note: Indicates the agent by which the killing will occur

वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - to be slain, vulnerable, killable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhya

vadhya - to be slain, fit to be killed, vulnerable

Gerundive

Derived from root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'sa'

मृतुः (mṛtuḥ) - death

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, dying, personified god of death

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Agrees with 'mṛtuḥ'

अस्य (asya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the Rakshasa

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Passive sense of root vid (to know/exist)

Root: vid (class 4)

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