वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-14, verse-19

तत्र त्वं मानुषो भूत्वा प्रवृद्धं लोककण्टकम् ।
अवध्यं दैवतैर्विष्णो समरे जहि रावणम् ॥१९॥

19. tatra tvaṃ mānuṣo bhūtvā pravṛddhaṃ lokakaṇṭakam ,
avadhyaṃ daivatairviṣṇo samare jahi rāvaṇam.

19. tatra tvam mānuṣaḥ bhūtvā pravṛddham lokakaṇṭakam
avadhyam daivataiḥ viṣṇo samare jahi rāvaṇam

19. viṣṇo tatra tvam mānuṣaḥ bhūtvā pravṛddham
lokakaṇṭakam daivataiḥ avadhyam rāvaṇam samare jahi

19. There, O Vishnu, having become a human, kill in battle that formidable tormentor of the people, Rāvaṇa, who is invincible by the gods.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in that human form (there, then, in that situation)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human, man

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become

• प्रवृद्धम् (pravṛddham) - grown strong, formidable, greatly increased

• लोककण्टकम् (lokakaṇṭakam) - thorn of the worlds, tormentor of the people

• अवध्यम् (avadhyam) - not to be killed, invincible

• दैवतैः (daivataiḥ) - by the gods

• विष्णो (viṣṇo) - O Vishnu

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• जहि (jahi) - kill, destroy

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Ravana

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in that human form (there, then, in that situation)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the state of being a human mentioned in the previous verse.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of `jahi`.

मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human, man

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, man, pertaining to man

Note: Agrees with `tvam`.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √bhū (to be, to become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Modifies the main verb `jahi`.

प्रवृद्धम् (pravṛddham) - grown strong, formidable, greatly increased

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pravṛddha

pravṛddha - grown, increased, strong, formidable, powerful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vṛdh (to grow, increase) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Describes `rāvaṇam`.

लोककण्टकम् (lokakaṇṭakam) - thorn of the worlds, tormentor of the people

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lokakaṇṭaka

lokakaṇṭaka - thorn of the worlds, disturber of mankind, public nuisance

Compound type : tatpurusha (loka+kaṇṭaka)

• loka – world, people, realm
  noun (masculine)
• kaṇṭaka – thorn, enemy, tormentor, nuisance
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes `rāvaṇam`.

अवध्यम् (avadhyam) - not to be killed, invincible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avadhya

avadhya - not to be killed, inviolable, invincible

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (negative)

Negative particle 'a-' + gerundive from root √vadh (to strike, kill)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vadhya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vadhya – to be killed
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From root √vadh (to strike, kill)
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Describes `rāvaṇam`.

दैवतैः (daivataiḥ) - by the gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of daivata

daivata - divine, deity, god

Note: Agent of `avadhyam` (invincible *by* the gods).

विष्णो (viṣṇo) - O Vishnu

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - Vishnu (a principal Hindu deity)

Note: Addressed to Vishnu.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

Note: Indicates the place or context of the action.

जहि (jahi) - kill, destroy

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of han

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, active voice

From root √han, class 2

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Command addressed to Vishnu.

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Ravana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (proper name of the demon king of Lanka)

Note: Object of `jahi`.

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