मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-56, verse-20
वसन्ति तेषु सर्वेषु प्रजाः किंपुरुषादिषु ।
सुखप्राया निरातङ्का न्यूनतोत्कर्षवर्जिताः ॥२०॥
सुखप्राया निरातङ्का न्यूनतोत्कर्षवर्जिताः ॥२०॥
20. vasanti teṣu sarveṣu prajāḥ kiṃpuruṣādiṣu .
sukhaprāyā nirātaṅkā nyūnatotkarṣavarjitāḥ.
sukhaprāyā nirātaṅkā nyūnatotkarṣavarjitāḥ.
20.
vasanti teṣu sarveṣu prajāḥ kiṃpuruṣādiṣu |
sukhaprāyāḥ nirātaṅkāḥ nyūnatotkarṣavarjitāḥ
sukhaprāyāḥ nirātaṅkāḥ nyūnatotkarṣavarjitāḥ
20.
In all those regions, such as Kiṃpuruṣa and others, people reside who are generally happy, free from anxiety, and free from both inferiority and superiority.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वसन्ति (vasanti) - they dwell, they reside
- तेषु (teṣu) - in those
- सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all
- प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, inhabitants, creatures
- किंपुरुषादिषु (kiṁpuruṣādiṣu) - in Kiṃpuruṣa and others, in regions like Kiṃpuruṣa
- सुखप्रायाः (sukhaprāyāḥ) - mostly happy, predominantly comfortable
- निरातङ्काः (nirātaṅkāḥ) - free from anxiety, fearless, free from distress
- न्यूनतोत्कर्षवर्जिताः (nyūnatotkarṣavarjitāḥ) - devoid of inferiority and superiority
Words meanings and morphology
वसन्ति (vasanti) - they dwell, they reside
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vas
Present Active Indicative
3rd conjugation, Parasmaipada
Root: vas (class 1)
तेषु (teṣu) - in those
(pronoun)
Locative, neuter, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Refers to 'varṣeṣu' (regions) from the previous verse, which is neuter. So 'teṣu' is locative plural neuter.
सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all
(pronoun)
Locative, neuter, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every
Note: Agrees with 'teṣu' and 'kiṃpuruṣādiṣu' in gender, number, and case.
प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, inhabitants, creatures
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā
prajā - offspring, progeny, people, subjects, creatures
Derived from root √jan with prefix pra
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Subject of 'vasanti'.
किंपुरुषादिषु (kiṁpuruṣādiṣu) - in Kiṃpuruṣa and others, in regions like Kiṃpuruṣa
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of kiṃpuruṣādi
kiṁpuruṣādi - beginning with Kiṃpuruṣa
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kiṃpuruṣa+ādi)
- kiṃpuruṣa – a mythological being, a type of demi-god, a specific region
proper noun (masculine) - ādi – beginning, etcetera, and so on
noun (masculine)
Root: ad (class 2)
Note: Refers to regions (varṣas), which are typically neuter, but `kiṃpuruṣa` is often masculine. The suffix `ādi` in compounds can affect gender, but `ādiṣu` is compatible with both masculine and neuter locative plural.
सुखप्रायाः (sukhaprāyāḥ) - mostly happy, predominantly comfortable
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of sukhaprāya
sukhaprāya - mostly comfortable, generally happy
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sukha+prāya)
- sukha – happiness, comfort, ease
noun (neuter) - prāya – abundant, common, mostly
adjective (masculine)
Note: Agrees with `prajāḥ`.
निरातङ्काः (nirātaṅkāḥ) - free from anxiety, fearless, free from distress
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of nirātaṅka
nirātaṅka - free from distress, fearless
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+ātaṅka)
- nis – without, out
prefix - ātaṅka – fear, anxiety, distress
noun (masculine)
derived from root √tak (to stagger) with prefix ā
Prefix: ā
Root: tak (class 1)
Note: Agrees with `prajāḥ`.
न्यूनतोत्कर्षवर्जिताः (nyūnatotkarṣavarjitāḥ) - devoid of inferiority and superiority
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of nyūnatotkarṣavarjita
nyūnatotkarṣavarjita - devoid of inferiority and superiority
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nyūnatā+utkarṣa+varjita)
- nyūnatā – inferiority, deficiency, lack
noun (feminine)
from `nyūna` (deficient) + `tā` (suffix for abstract noun) - utkarṣa – superiority, excellence, exaltation
noun (masculine)
derived from root √kṛṣ (to draw) with prefix ut
Prefix: ut
Root: kṛṣ (class 1) - varjita – abandoned, excluded, devoid of, free from
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
derived from root √vṛj (to abandon)
Root: vṛj (class 1)
Note: Agrees with `prajāḥ`.