मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-56, verse-19
एवमेषा मया गङ्गां कथिता ते द्विजर्षभ ।
जम्बुद्वीपनिवेशश्च वर्षाणि च यथातथम् ॥१९॥
जम्बुद्वीपनिवेशश्च वर्षाणि च यथातथम् ॥१९॥
19. evameṣā mayā gaṅgāṃ kathitā te dvijarṣabha .
jambudvīpaniveśaśca varṣāṇi ca yathātatham.
jambudvīpaniveśaśca varṣāṇi ca yathātatham.
19.
evam eṣā mayā gaṅgām kathitā te dvijarṣabha
| jambudvīpaniveśaḥ ca varṣāṇi ca yathātatham
| jambudvīpaniveśaḥ ca varṣāṇi ca yathātatham
19.
O best among the twice-born, I have thus described to you the Gaṅgā, as well as the layout of Jambudvīpa and its regions (varṣas), just as they are.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so
- एषा (eṣā) - this, this one
- मया (mayā) - by me
- गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - Gaṅgā (river)
- कथिता (kathitā) - told, related, described
- ते (te) - to you, for you
- द्विजर्षभ (dvijarṣabha) - O best among the Brahmins. (O best among the twice-born)
- जम्बुद्वीपनिवेशः (jambudvīpaniveśaḥ) - the arrangement/layout of Jambudvīpa
- च (ca) - and
- वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - regions (geographical divisions) (regions, countries, years)
- च (ca) - and
- यथातथम् (yathātatham) - exactly as it is, truthfully, appropriately
Words meanings and morphology
एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so
(indeclinable)
एषा (eṣā) - this, this one
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of etad
etad - this, that
मया (mayā) - by me
(pronoun)
Instrumental, singular of aham
aham - I
गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - Gaṅgā (river)
(proper noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā
gaṅgā - the river Gaṅgā
Note: The accusative is used here as the topic of the past passive participle 'kathitā'.
कथिता (kathitā) - told, related, described
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kathita
kathita - told, spoken, narrated
Past Passive Participle
derived from root √kath (to tell)
Root: kath (class 10)
Note: Agrees with 'eṣā' (this story/description) and implicitly refers to 'Gaṅgā' as the object described.
ते (te) - to you, for you
(pronoun)
Dative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you
Note: Also can be genitive. Context indicates dative 'to you'.
द्विजर्षभ (dvijarṣabha) - O best among the Brahmins. (O best among the twice-born)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijarṣabha
dvijarṣabha - best among the twice-born
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+ṛṣabha)
- dvija – twice-born, a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth
noun (masculine)
Prefix: dvi
Root: jan (class 4) - ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
noun (masculine)
जम्बुद्वीपनिवेशः (jambudvīpaniveśaḥ) - the arrangement/layout of Jambudvīpa
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jambudvīpaniveśa
jambudvīpaniveśa - arrangement of Jambudvīpa
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jambudvīpa+niveśa)
- jambudvīpa – the continent of Jambudvīpa
proper noun (masculine) - niveśa – settlement, arrangement, layout
noun (masculine)
derived from root √viś (to enter) with prefix ni
Prefix: ni
Root: viś (class 6)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - regions (geographical divisions) (regions, countries, years)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of varṣa
varṣa - a year, a region, a country, rain
Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
Note: Also accusative plural. Context suggests nominative.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
यथातथम् (yathātatham) - exactly as it is, truthfully, appropriately
(indeclinable)
Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+tathā)
- yathā – as, just as
indeclinable - tathā – so, thus, in that manner
indeclinable