मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-54, verse-1
क्रौष्टुकिरुवाच ।
कतिद्वीपाः समुद्रा वा पर्वता वा कति द्विज ।
कियन्ति चैव वर्षाणि तेषां नद्यश्च का मुने ॥१॥
कतिद्वीपाः समुद्रा वा पर्वता वा कति द्विज ।
कियन्ति चैव वर्षाणि तेषां नद्यश्च का मुने ॥१॥
1. krauṣṭukiruvāca .
katidvīpāḥ samudrā vā parvatā vā kati dvija .
kiyanti caiva varṣāṇi teṣāṃ nadyaśca kā mune.
katidvīpāḥ samudrā vā parvatā vā kati dvija .
kiyanti caiva varṣāṇi teṣāṃ nadyaśca kā mune.
1.
krauṣṭukiḥ uvāca kati dvīpāḥ samudrāḥ vā parvatāḥ vā kati
dvija kiyanti ca eva varṣāṇi teṣām nadyaḥ ca kā mune
dvija kiyanti ca eva varṣāṇi teṣām nadyaḥ ca kā mune
1.
Krauṣṭuki said: "O Brahmin (dvija), how many islands are there? How many oceans? How many mountains? And indeed, O sage, how many regions (varṣāṇi) are there, and what are their rivers?"
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- क्रौष्टुकिः (krauṣṭukiḥ) - Krauṣṭuki (a proper name)
- उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
- कति (kati) - how many?
- द्वीपाः (dvīpāḥ) - islands, continents
- समुद्राः (samudrāḥ) - oceans, seas
- वा (vā) - or, either
- पर्वताः (parvatāḥ) - mountains
- वा (vā) - or, either
- कति (kati) - how many?
- द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born, O Brahmin
- कियन्ति (kiyanti) - how many? how much?
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - indeed, just, only
- वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - regions or continents of the world (regions, continents, years)
- तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those regions/continents (of them, their)
- नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers
- च (ca) - and
- का (kā) - which (in agreement with 'nadyaḥ', implying 'kāḥ') (which, what)
- मुने (mune) - O sage, O ascetic
Words meanings and morphology
क्रौष्टुकिः (krauṣṭukiḥ) - Krauṣṭuki (a proper name)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of krauṣṭuki
krauṣṭuki - Name of a sage or descendant of Krauṣṭuka
उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac
Perfect (Liṭ)
3rd person singular active of √vac
Root: vac (class 2)
कति (kati) - how many?
(indeclinable)
Note: Used as an interrogative adjective.
द्वीपाः (dvīpāḥ) - islands, continents
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dvīpa
dvīpa - island, continent, region
समुद्राः (samudrāḥ) - oceans, seas
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of samudra
samudra - ocean, sea
From sam- + √ud (to flow, to spring up)
Prefix: sam
Root: ud
Note: Visarga (ḥ) is elided before 'vā' in sandhi, appearing as 'samudrā' in the original text, but grammatically 'samudrāḥ' is implied.
वा (vā) - or, either
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
पर्वताः (parvatāḥ) - mountains
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of parvata
parvata - mountain, hill, rock
Note: Visarga (ḥ) is elided before 'vā' in sandhi, appearing as 'parvatā' in the original text, but grammatically 'parvatāḥ' is implied.
वा (vā) - or, either
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
कति (kati) - how many?
(indeclinable)
Note: Used as an interrogative adjective.
द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born, O Brahmin
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - a Brahmin, a bird, a snake, a tooth
"twice-born" (dvi-ja)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two, twice
indeclinable - ja – born, produced from
adjective
From root √jan (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)
कियन्ति (kiyanti) - how many? how much?
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, plural of kiyat
kiyat - how much, how many, how great, of what size
From interrogative pronoun 'kim' + suffix 'yat'
Note: Agrees with 'varṣāṇi'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
एव (eva) - indeed, just, only
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - regions or continents of the world (regions, continents, years)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of varṣa
varṣa - year, rainy season, cloud, country, division of the earth
From √vṛṣ (to rain)
Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those regions/continents (of them, their)
(pronoun)
Genitive, neuter, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Refers to 'varṣāṇi'.
नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of nadī
nadī - river, stream
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
का (kā) - which (in agreement with 'nadyaḥ', implying 'kāḥ') (which, what)
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kim
kim - who, what, which, why
Interrogative pronoun.
Note: Grammatically feminine singular, but likely used for feminine plural to agree with 'nadyaḥ' in the sense of 'which ones?'.
मुने (mune) - O sage, O ascetic
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of muni
muni - sage, ascetic, saint