मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-41, verse-22
वाग्दण्डः कर्मदण्डश्च मनोदण्डश्च ते त्रयः ।
यस्यैते नियता दण्डाः स त्रिदण्डी महायतिः ॥२२॥
यस्यैते नियता दण्डाः स त्रिदण्डी महायतिः ॥२२॥
22. vāgdaṇḍaḥ karmadaṇḍaśca manodaṇḍaśca te trayaḥ .
yasyaite niyatā daṇḍāḥ sa tridaṇḍī mahāyatiḥ.
yasyaite niyatā daṇḍāḥ sa tridaṇḍī mahāyatiḥ.
22.
vākdaṇḍaḥ karmadaṇḍaḥ ca manodaṇḍaḥ ca te trayaḥ
yasya ete niyatāḥ daṇḍāḥ saḥ tridaṇḍī mahāyatiḥ
yasya ete niyatāḥ daṇḍāḥ saḥ tridaṇḍī mahāyatiḥ
22.
Restraint of speech, restraint of action, and restraint of mind – these are the three. He for whom these three restraints are controlled is a tridaṇḍī, a great ascetic.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वाक्दण्डः (vākdaṇḍaḥ) - restraint of speech
- कर्मदण्डः (karmadaṇḍaḥ) - restraint of action (restraint of action, control over deeds)
- च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
- मनोदण्डः (manodaṇḍaḥ) - restraint of mind (restraint of mind, control over thoughts)
- च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
- ते (te) - these (these, those)
- त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
- यस्य (yasya) - for whom (whose, for whom, of whom)
- एते (ete) - these
- नियताः (niyatāḥ) - controlled (controlled, restrained, regulated, fixed)
- दण्डाः (daṇḍāḥ) - restraints (staffs, punishments, restraints, controls)
- सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)
- त्रिदण्डी (tridaṇḍī) - a tridaṇḍī (one who has three staffs, one who possesses three restraints (of speech, action, and mind))
- महायतिः (mahāyatiḥ) - a great ascetic (a great ascetic, a great renunciant)
Words meanings and morphology
वाक्दण्डः (vākdaṇḍaḥ) - restraint of speech
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vākdaṇḍa
vākdaṇḍa - verbal restraint, control of speech
Compound.
Compound type : tatpurusha (vāc+daṇḍa)
- vāc – speech, voice, word
noun (feminine)
Root: vac (class 2) - daṇḍa – rod, staff, punishment, restraint, control
noun (masculine)
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
Note: First of the three types of restraint.
कर्मदण्डः (karmadaṇḍaḥ) - restraint of action (restraint of action, control over deeds)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of karmadaṇḍa
karmadaṇḍa - restraint of action, control of karma
Compound.
Compound type : tatpurusha (karman+daṇḍa)
- karman – action, deed, work, ritual action (karma)
noun (neuter)
Root: kṛ (class 8) - daṇḍa – rod, staff, punishment, restraint, control
noun (masculine)
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
Note: Second of the three types of restraint.
च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects 'vākdaṇḍaḥ' and 'karmadaṇḍaḥ'.
मनोदण्डः (manodaṇḍaḥ) - restraint of mind (restraint of mind, control over thoughts)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of manodaṇḍa
manodaṇḍa - mental restraint, control of mind
Compound.
Compound type : tatpurusha (manas+daṇḍa)
- manas – mind, intellect, consciousness
noun (neuter)
Root: man (class 4) - daṇḍa – rod, staff, punishment, restraint, control
noun (masculine)
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
Note: Third of the three types of restraint.
च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects 'karmadaṇḍaḥ' and 'manodaṇḍaḥ'.
ते (te) - these (these, those)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Refers to the three types of daṇḍa.
त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
(numeral)
Note: Agrees with 'daṇḍaḥ' (implied) and 'te'.
यस्य (yasya) - for whom (whose, for whom, of whom)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Relative pronoun.
Note: Refers to 'saḥ' (he).
एते (ete) - these
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Refers to the 'daṇḍāḥ' (restraints).
नियताः (niyatāḥ) - controlled (controlled, restrained, regulated, fixed)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of niyata
niyata - controlled, restrained, regulated, fixed, certain
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root yam with upasarga ni.
Prefix: ni
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'daṇḍāḥ'.
दण्डाः (daṇḍāḥ) - restraints (staffs, punishments, restraints, controls)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - rod, staff, punishment, restraint, control
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
Note: Refers to the three types of restraints mentioned previously.
सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, those
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Refers to the person whose restraints are controlled.
त्रिदण्डी (tridaṇḍī) - a tridaṇḍī (one who has three staffs, one who possesses three restraints (of speech, action, and mind))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tridaṇḍin
tridaṇḍin - one who bears three staffs; an ascetic who has mastered the three restraints (of speech, body, and mind)
Compound.
Compound type : bahuvrihi (tri+daṇḍa)
- tri – three
numeral (masculine) - daṇḍa – rod, staff, punishment, restraint, control
noun (masculine)
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
Note: Predicate nominative for 'saḥ'.
महायतिः (mahāyatiḥ) - a great ascetic (a great ascetic, a great renunciant)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyati
mahāyati - a great ascetic, a great sage, a great mendicant
Compound.
Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+yati)
- mahā – great, large, mighty
adjective (feminine) - yati – ascetic, renunciant, one who strives for spiritual attainment
noun (masculine)
Derived from root yam 'to restrain'.
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Predicate nominative for 'saḥ', in apposition to 'tridaṇḍī'.