मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-41, verse-10
अत ऊर्ध्वं पुश्चापि अदुष्टापतितेषु च ।
भैक्ष्यचर्या विवर्णेषु जघन्या वृत्तिरिष्यते ॥१०॥
भैक्ष्यचर्या विवर्णेषु जघन्या वृत्तिरिष्यते ॥१०॥
10. ata ūrdhvaṃ puścāpi aduṣṭāpatiteṣu ca .
bhaikṣyacaryā vivarṇeṣu jaghanyā vṛttiriṣyate.
bhaikṣyacaryā vivarṇeṣu jaghanyā vṛttiriṣyate.
10.
ataḥ ūrdhvam puṃsu ca api aduṣṭāpatiteṣu ca
bhaikṣyacaryā vivarṇeṣu jaghanā vṛttiḥ iṣyate
bhaikṣyacaryā vivarṇeṣu jaghanā vṛttiḥ iṣyate
10.
Furthermore, beyond (the ideal householders mentioned previously), begging (bhaikṣyacaryā) is prescribed as a last resort (jaghanā vṛtti) even among men who are not corrupt or fallen, and among those of other social classes (vivarṇa).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, from this (context) (therefore, from this, hence, then)
- ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - further, beyond that (i.e., the previously mentioned ideal householders) (upwards, above, after, subsequently, further)
- पुंसु (puṁsu) - among men
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)
- अदुष्टापतितेषु (aduṣṭāpatiteṣu) - among men who are not corrupt or fallen (among those who are not corrupt and not fallen)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- भैक्ष्यचर्या (bhaikṣyacaryā) - the practice of begging for alms (the conduct of begging, wandering for alms)
- विवर्णेषु (vivarṇeṣu) - among those of other (or lower) social classes (vivarṇa) (among those of mixed castes, among those of different colors/social classes)
- जघना (jaghanā) - as a last resort, inferior (lowest, last, inferior, hindmost)
- वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - means of livelihood (livelihood, mode of life, conduct, action)
- इष्यते (iṣyate) - is prescribed (is desired, is sought, is prescribed, is considered proper)
Words meanings and morphology
अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, from this (context) (therefore, from this, hence, then)
(indeclinable)
ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - further, beyond that (i.e., the previously mentioned ideal householders) (upwards, above, after, subsequently, further)
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverbial usage (neuter accusative singular).
पुंसु (puṁsu) - among men
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of puṃs
puṁs - man, male, person
Note: From puṃs stem.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
अदुष्टापतितेषु (aduṣṭāpatiteṣu) - among men who are not corrupt or fallen (among those who are not corrupt and not fallen)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, plural of aduṣṭāpatita
aduṣṭāpatita - not corrupt and not fallen
Compound type : dvandva (aduṣṭa+apatita)
- aduṣṭa – not corrupt, unblemished, pure
participle (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Negated with 'a-'. From root duṣ (to be corrupted).
Prefix: a
Root: duṣ (class 4) - apatita – not fallen, not degraded
participle (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Negated with 'a-'. From root pat (to fall).
Prefix: a
Root: pat (class 1)
Note: Adjectival agreement with puṃsu.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects aduṣṭāpatiteṣu and vivarṇeṣu.
भैक्ष्यचर्या (bhaikṣyacaryā) - the practice of begging for alms (the conduct of begging, wandering for alms)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of bhaikṣyacaryā
bhaikṣyacaryā - begging for alms, wandering for food
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaikṣya+caryā)
- bhaikṣya – alms, food received as alms
noun (neuter)
From bhikṣā (alms)
Root: bhikṣ (class 1) - caryā – conduct, practice, wandering
noun (feminine)
From root car (to wander)
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Subject of iṣyate.
विवर्णेषु (vivarṇeṣu) - among those of other (or lower) social classes (vivarṇa) (among those of mixed castes, among those of different colors/social classes)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, plural of vivarṇa
vivarṇa - without color, of different color, of mixed caste, low caste
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+varṇa)
- vi – away, apart, dis-
prefix - varṇa – color, caste, class
noun (masculine)
Note: Adjectival agreement, understood with puṃsu (men).
जघना (jaghanā) - as a last resort, inferior (lowest, last, inferior, hindmost)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of jaghana
jaghana - hind part, hip, lowest, last, inferior
Note: Adjectival agreement with vṛttiḥ.
वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - means of livelihood (livelihood, mode of life, conduct, action)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛtti
vṛtti - livelihood, mode of life, conduct
From root vṛt (to be, to exist)
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Predicate nominative for bhaikṣyacaryā.
इष्यते (iṣyate) - is prescribed (is desired, is sought, is prescribed, is considered proper)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of iṣ
Root: iṣ (class 4)
Note: Root iṣ in passive voice.