मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-115, verse-3
किमेतदिति सोऽतीव विस्मितो मुनिसत्तम ।
खनित्रोऽभून्महाराजो नाजानात्तच्च कारणम् ॥३॥
खनित्रोऽभून्महाराजो नाजानात्तच्च कारणम् ॥३॥
3. kimetaditi so'tīva vismito munisattama .
khanitro'bhūnmahārājo nājānāttacca kāraṇam.
khanitro'bhūnmahārājo nājānāttacca kāraṇam.
3.
kim etat iti saḥ atīva vismitaḥ munisattama
khanitraḥ abhūt mahārājaḥ na ajānāt tat ca kāraṇam
khanitraḥ abhūt mahārājaḥ na ajānāt tat ca kāraṇam
3.
O best among sages, he was exceedingly astonished, thinking, 'What is this?' King Khanitra, the great king, did not know the cause of that.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- किम् (kim) - what?, why?, interrogative pronoun
- एतत् (etat) - this, this one
- इति (iti) - thus, so, used to mark direct speech or thought
- सः (saḥ) - the king (he, that one)
- अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly, extremely
- विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - astonished, surprised
- मुनिसत्तम (munisattama) - O best of sages
- खनित्रः (khanitraḥ) - King Khanitra, a proper name of the king in the narrative (King Khanitra)
- अभूत् (abhūt) - he became
- महाराजः (mahārājaḥ) - great king, emperor
- न (na) - not
- अजानात् (ajānāt) - he did not know
- तत् (tat) - that, that one
- च (ca) - and
- कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason
Words meanings and morphology
किम् (kim) - what?, why?, interrogative pronoun
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kim
kim - what?, who?, why?
एतत् (etat) - this, this one
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, this one, here
इति (iti) - thus, so, used to mark direct speech or thought
(indeclinable)
सः (saḥ) - the king (he, that one)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to the king
अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly, extremely
(indeclinable)
विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - astonished, surprised
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vismita
vismita - astonished, surprised, amazed
Past Passive Participle
From vi-√smi (to wonder)
Prefix: vi
Root: smi (class 1)
Note: Qualifies saḥ
मुनिसत्तम (munisattama) - O best of sages
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of munisattama
munisattama - best of sages
Compound type : tatpurusha (muni+sattama)
- muni – sage, ascetic, seer
noun (masculine) - sattama – best, most excellent
adjective (masculine)
Superlative suffix -tama
Note: Addressed to the listener/narratee
खनित्रः (khanitraḥ) - King Khanitra, a proper name of the king in the narrative (King Khanitra)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of khanitra
khanitra - digger, shovel; a proper name of a king
Root: khan (class 1)
अभूत् (abhūt) - he became
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū
Aorist (Parasmaipada)
3rd person singular aorist active
Root: bhū (class 1)
महाराजः (mahārājaḥ) - great king, emperor
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mahārāja
mahārāja - great king, emperor
Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)
- mahā – great, mighty, large
adjective - rājan – king, ruler
noun (masculine)
Note: Appositive to Khanitraḥ
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
अजानात् (ajānāt) - he did not know
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of jñā
Imperfect (Parasmaipada)
3rd person singular imperfect active
Root: jñā (class 9)
तत् (tat) - that, that one
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Qualifies kāraṇam
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa
kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive
Root: kṛ (class 8)