महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-2, verse-18

स सृञ्जयानां सर्वेषां पाञ्चालानां च पश्यताम् ।
केकयानां विदेहानामकरोत्कदनं महत् ॥१८॥

18. sa sṛñjayānāṁ sarveṣāṁ pāñcālānāṁ ca paśyatām ,
kekayānāṁ videhānāmakarotkadanaṁ mahat.

18. saḥ sṛñjayānām sarveṣām pāñcālānām ca paśyatām
kekayānām videhānām akarot kadanam mahat

18. saḥ sarveṣām sṛñjayānām pāñcālānām ca kekayānām
videhānām paśyatām mahat kadanam akarot

18. While all of the Srinjayas, Panchalas, Kekayas, and Videhas watched, he (Karna) wrought great slaughter upon them.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Karna (he)

• सृञ्जयानाम् (sṛñjayānām) - of the Srinjayas

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

• पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Panchalas

• च (ca) - and, also

• पश्यताम् (paśyatām) - of those who were seeing, while they were watching

• केकयानाम् (kekayānām) - of the Kekayas

• विदेहानाम् (videhānām) - of the Videhas

• अकरोत् (akarot) - he caused (he did, he made)

• कदनम् (kadanam) - slaughter, destruction, massacre

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, extensive

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Karna (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Karna.

सृञ्जयानाम् (sṛñjayānām) - of the Srinjayas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - Srinjaya (name of a people/clan allied with the Pandavas)

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'sṛñjayānām', 'pāñcālānām', etc.

पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Panchalas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - belonging to the Pañcālas, a Pañcāla

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पश्यताम् (paśyatām) - of those who were seeing, while they were watching

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking

Present Active Participle

From root dṛś (to see), present stem paśya.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the preceding nouns (Srinjayas, Panchalas, etc.).

केकयानाम् (kekayānām) - of the Kekayas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kekaya

kekaya - Kekaya (name of a people/kingdom allied with Pandavas)

विदेहानाम् (videhānām) - of the Videhas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of videha

videha - Videha (name of a people/kingdom)

अकरोत् (akarot) - he caused (he did, he made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada

From root kṛ (to do, make). Augment 'a' added for imperfect.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is 'saḥ' (Karna).

कदनम् (kadanam) - slaughter, destruction, massacre

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kadana

kadana - slaughter, killing, massacre, destruction

From root kad (to injure, torment).

Root: kad (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, extensive

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

Present participle of mah (to be great), used as an adjective.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'kadanam'.