महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-2, verse-17

एवमुक्ते महाराज कर्णो वैकर्तनो नृपः ।
सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः प्रायुध्यत महाबलः ॥१७॥

17. evamukte mahārāja karṇo vaikartano nṛpaḥ ,
siṁhanādaṁ vinadyoccaiḥ prāyudhyata mahābalaḥ.

17. evam ukte mahārāja karṇaḥ vaikartanaḥ nṛpaḥ
siṃhanādam vinadya uccaiḥ prāyudhyata mahābalaḥ

17. mahārāja evam ukte vaikartanaḥ nṛpaḥ mahābalaḥ
karṇaḥ uccaiḥ siṃhanādam vinadya prāyudhyata

17. O great king, when this was said, Karna, the son of the Sun god (Vikartana), who was a mighty warrior and king, let out a loud lion's roar and began to fight.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

• उक्ते (ukte) - having been spoken, when it was said

• महाराज (mahārāja) - addressed to Dhritarashtra (O great king)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - epithet for Karna (son of Vikartana (the Sun god))

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - Karna as the king of Anga (king)

• सिंहनादम् (siṁhanādam) - a lion's roar

• विनद्य (vinadya) - having roared, having made a loud sound

• उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly, high

• प्रायुध्यत (prāyudhyata) - he began to fight, he fought

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - greatly powerful, mighty

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्ते (ukte) - having been spoken, when it was said

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak), irregular participle.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

महाराज (mahārāja) - addressed to Dhritarashtra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of mahā (great) + rāja (king).

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From mahat.
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressing Dhritarashtra.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a warrior)

Note: Subject of the verb 'prāyudhyata'.

वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - epithet for Karna (son of Vikartana (the Sun god))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - son of Vikartana; Karna

Derived from Vikartana (an epithet of the Sun, Karna's father) + aṇ.

Note: Appositive to Karna.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - Karna as the king of Anga (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (literally 'protector of men')

Compound of nṛ (man) + pa (protector).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Appositive to Karna.

सिंहनादम् (siṁhanādam) - a lion's roar

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of siṃhanāda

siṁhanāda - lion's roar; a battle-cry

Compound of siṃha (lion) + nāda (sound, roar).

Compound type : tatpurusha (siṃha+nāda)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  From root nad (to roar, sound).
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vinadya'.

विनद्य (vinadya) - having roared, having made a loud sound

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From vi + nad (to sound, roar).

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly, high

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of ucca (high).

Note: Modifies 'vinadya'.

प्रायुध्यत (prāyudhyata) - he began to fight, he fought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, Atmanepada

From pra + yudh (to fight). Augment 'a' added for imperfect.

Prefix: pra

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Active in sense.

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - greatly powerful, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - very powerful, mighty, great strength

Compound of mahā (great) + bala (strength).

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From mahat.
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Appositive to Karna.