महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-2, verse-8

तदिदं निहते द्रोणे विषण्णमिव लक्ष्यते ।
युध्यमानाश्च समरे योधा वध्यन्ति सर्वतः ॥८॥

8. tadidaṁ nihate droṇe viṣaṇṇamiva lakṣyate ,
yudhyamānāśca samare yodhā vadhyanti sarvataḥ.

8. tat idam nihate droṇe viṣaṇṇam iva lakṣyate
yudhyamānāḥ ca samare yodhāḥ vadhyanti sarvataḥ

8. idam tat droṇe nihate iva viṣaṇṇam lakṣyate ca
samare yudhyamānāḥ yodhāḥ sarvataḥ vadhyanti

8. Now that Droṇa has been killed, this (army) appears dejected. And warriors fighting in battle are being slain everywhere.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - referring to the current state of affairs or the army (that, this)

• इदम् (idam) - referring to the current state of affairs or the army (this)

• निहते (nihate) - killed, slain, struck down

• द्रोणे (droṇe) - referring to the preceptor Droṇa, now killed (in Droṇa, when Droṇa)

• विषण्णम् (viṣaṇṇam) - dejected, sad, dispirited

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as it were

• लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is seen, appears, is observed

• युध्यमानाः (yudhyamānāḥ) - those fighting, while fighting

• च (ca) - and, also

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

• वध्यन्ति (vadhyanti) - are being killed, are slain

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - referring to the current state of affairs or the army (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

इदम् (idam) - referring to the current state of affairs or the army (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

निहते (nihate) - killed, slain, struck down

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

द्रोणे (droṇe) - referring to the preceptor Droṇa, now killed (in Droṇa, when Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor)

विषण्णम् (viṣaṇṇam) - dejected, sad, dispirited

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viṣaṇṇa

viṣaṇṇa - dejected, sad, dispirited, depressed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root sad (to sink, despond) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

इव (iva) - as if, like, as it were

(indeclinable)

लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is seen, appears, is observed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of lakṣ

Present Indicative

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

युध्यमानाः (yudhyamānāḥ) - those fighting, while fighting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, engaged in battle

Present Participle (Middle Voice)

Present participle of root yudh (to fight) in the middle voice

Root: yudh (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat, conflict

योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

Root: yudh (class 4)

वध्यन्ति (vadhyanti) - are being killed, are slain

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of vadh

Present Indicative

Root: vadh (class 1)

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

(indeclinable)