महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-94, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
वाक्शल्यैस्तव पुत्रेण सोऽतिविद्धः पितामहः ।
दुःखेन महताविष्टो नोवाचाप्रियमण्वपि ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
vākśalyaistava putreṇa so'tividdhaḥ pitāmahaḥ ,
duḥkhena mahatāviṣṭo novācāpriyamaṇvapi.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca vākśalyaiḥ tava putreṇa saḥ atividdhaḥ
pitāmahaḥ duḥkhena mahatā āviṣṭaḥ na uvāca apriyam aṇu api

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tava putreṇa vākśalyaiḥ atividdhaḥ saḥ
pitāmahaḥ mahatā duḥkhena āviṣṭaḥ aṇu api apriyam na uvāca

1. Sañjaya said: The grandfather (Bhīṣma), deeply wounded by the verbal arrows from your son (Duryodhana) and overcome by immense sorrow, did not utter even a single unpleasant word.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• वाक्शल्यैः (vākśalyaiḥ) - by word-arrows, by verbal barbs

• तव (tava) - your

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by your son (Duryodhana) (by the son)

• सः (saḥ) - referring to Bhīṣma (he, that)

• अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - deeply wounded, pierced

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - Bhīṣma, the grandfather of the Kuru dynasty (grandfather)

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, by suffering

• महता (mahatā) - by great, by immense

• आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - overcome, entered into, possessed by

• न (na) - not

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable

• अणु (aṇu) - a little, even a particle, minute

• अपि (api) - even, also

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root 'vac' (2nd class) in perfect active 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

वाक्शल्यैः (vākśalyaiḥ) - by word-arrows, by verbal barbs

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vākśalya

vākśalya - word-arrow, verbal barb

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāc+śalya)

• vāc – speech, word
  noun (feminine)
• śalya – arrow, dart, thorn
  noun (neuter)

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

genitive singular of yuṣmad

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by your son (Duryodhana) (by the son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

सः (saḥ) - referring to Bhīṣma (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

nominative singular masculine of 'tad'

अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - deeply wounded, pierced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atividdha

atividdha - deeply pierced, wounded

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'ati' + root 'vyadh' (to pierce)

Prefix: ati

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Used adjectivally.

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - Bhīṣma, the grandfather of the Kuru dynasty (grandfather)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, by suffering

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain

महता (mahatā) - by great, by immense

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, immense

Note: Agrees with duḥkhena.

आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - overcome, entered into, possessed by

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āviṣṭa

āviṣṭa - entered, occupied, overcome, possessed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'ā' + root 'viś' (to enter)

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Used adjectivally, agrees with pitāmahaḥ.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root 'vac' (2nd class) in perfect active 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

Negation 'a' + 'priya'

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+priya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Used substantively as "an unpleasant thing".

अणु (aṇu) - a little, even a particle, minute

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aṇu

aṇu - minute, atomic, small, a little

Note: Agrees with apriyam, adverbial usage.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic.