महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-76, verse-7

तेनैवमुक्तः प्रहसन्महात्मा दुर्योधनं जातमन्युं विदित्वा ।
तं प्रत्युवाचाविमना मनस्वी गङ्गासुतः शस्त्रभृतां वरिष्ठः ॥७॥

7. tenaivamuktaḥ prahasanmahātmā; duryodhanaṁ jātamanyuṁ viditvā ,
taṁ pratyuvācāvimanā manasvī; gaṅgāsutaḥ śastrabhṛtāṁ variṣṭhaḥ.

7. tena eva uktaḥ prahasan mahā-ātmā
duryodhanam jāta-manyum viditvā
tam pratyuvāca avimanāḥ manasvī
gaṅgā-sutaḥ śastra-bhṛtām variṣṭhaḥ

7. tena eva uktaḥ,
mahā-ātmā,
avimanāḥ,
manasvī,
śastra-bhṛtām variṣṭhaḥ gaṅgā-sutaḥ prahasan,
duryodhanam jāta-manyum viditvā,
tam pratyuvāca.

7. Addressed thus by him, the great-souled (mahātman), calm, and wise Gaṅgāsuta (Bhīṣma), foremost among weapon-bearers, smiled and, knowing Duryodhana to be enraged, replied to him.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by the speaker of the previous verse (Duryodhana has addressed Bhīṣma) (by him)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, thus

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, addressed, said

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - smiling, laughing

• महा-आत्मा (mahā-ātmā) - great-souled, noble-minded

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (proper name)

• जात-मन्युम् (jāta-manyum) - one whose anger has arisen, enraged

• विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known, having understood

• तम् (tam) - to Duryodhana (to him)

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied, he answered

• अविमनाः (avimanāḥ) - calm, undisturbed in mind

• मनस्वी (manasvī) - wise, intelligent, high-minded

• गङ्गा-सुतः (gaṅgā-sutaḥ) - Bhīṣma, son of Gaṅgā (son of Gaṅgā (Bhīṣma))

• शस्त्र-भृताम् (śastra-bhṛtām) - of weapon-bearers

• वरिष्ठः (variṣṭhaḥ) - best, foremost, most excellent

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by the speaker of the previous verse (Duryodhana has addressed Bhīṣma) (by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to Duryodhana (the speaker of the preceding verses).

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, thus

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'tena'.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, addressed, said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, uttered

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'Gaṅgāsutaḥ'.

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - smiling, laughing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - smiling, laughing, joking

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of verb root 'has' (to laugh) with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Gaṅgāsutaḥ'.

महा-आत्मा (mahā-ātmā) - great-souled, noble-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, high-minded, venerable (ātman)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul, supreme soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'Gaṅgāsutaḥ'.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana, the eldest of the Kauravas

Note: Object of 'viditvā'.

जात-मन्युम् (jāta-manyum) - one whose anger has arisen, enraged

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jātamanyu

jātamanyu - having arisen anger, enraged, furious

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jāta+manyu)

• jāta – born, produced, arisen, happened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• manyu – anger, wrath, passion, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'Duryodhanam'.

विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive form of verb root 'vid' (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

तम् (tam) - to Duryodhana (to him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Note: Object of 'pratyuvāca', refers to Duryodhana.

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied, he answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of prativac

Finite Verb

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root 'vac' with prefix 'prati-'.

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

अविमनाः (avimanāḥ) - calm, undisturbed in mind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avimanāḥ

avimanāḥ - not agitated, tranquil, calm, undisturbed in mind

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vimana)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vimana – sad, distressed, agitated, perplexed, having a different mind
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'Gaṅgāsutaḥ'.

मनस्वी (manasvī) - wise, intelligent, high-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manasvin

manasvin - wise, intelligent, high-minded, sagacious, spirited

Derived from 'manas' (mind) with 'vin' suffix (possessing).

Note: Agrees with 'Gaṅgāsutaḥ'.

गङ्गा-सुतः (gaṅgā-sutaḥ) - Bhīṣma, son of Gaṅgā (son of Gaṅgā (Bhīṣma))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaṅgāsuta

gaṅgāsuta - son of Gaṅgā; a name for Bhīṣma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaṅgā+suta)

• gaṅgā – the river Ganges; a goddess
  proper noun (feminine)
• suta – son, offspring
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'pratyuvāca'.

शस्त्र-भृताम् (śastra-bhṛtām) - of weapon-bearers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śastrabṛt

śastrabṛt - weapon-bearer, warrior

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (śastra+bhṛt)

• śastra – weapon, sword, knife
  noun (neuter)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting, possessing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, carry) with suffix 'kvip'.
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'variṣṭhaḥ'.

वरिष्ठः (variṣṭhaḥ) - best, foremost, most excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of variṣṭha

variṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief, principal

Superlative form of 'uru' (large, great).

Note: Agrees with 'Gaṅgāsutaḥ'.