महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-76, verse-16

रथैश्च पादातगजाश्वसंघैः प्रयाद्भिराजौ विधिवत्प्रणुन्नैः ।
समुद्धतं वै तरुणार्कवर्णं रजो बभौ छादयत्सूर्यरश्मीन् ॥१६॥

16. rathaiśca pādātagajāśvasaṁghaiḥ; prayādbhirājau vidhivatpraṇunnaiḥ ,
samuddhataṁ vai taruṇārkavarṇaṁ; rajo babhau chādayatsūryaraśmīn.

16. rathaiḥ ca pādātagajāśvasaṅghaiḥ
prayādbhiḥ ājau vidhivat praṇunnaiḥ
samuddhataṃ vai taruṇārkavarṇaṃ
rajaḥ babhau chādayat sūryaraśmīn

16. ājau vidhivat praṇunnaiḥ rathaiḥ
ca pādātagajāśvasaṅghaiḥ prayādbhiḥ
samuddhataṃ taruṇārkavarṇaṃ
rajaḥ vai sūryaraśmīn chādayat babhau

16. The vast dust, the color of the rising sun, rose high and shone brightly, covering the sun's rays, created by the chariots, infantry, elephants, and cavalry advancing in battle, properly propelled forward.

Words meanings summery:

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

• च (ca) - and, also

• पादातगजाश्वसङ्घैः (pādātagajāśvasaṅghaiḥ) - by groups of infantry, elephants, and horses

• प्रयाद्भिः (prayādbhiḥ) - modifying chariots and groups of infantry, elephants, and horses (by those going forward, advancing)

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in the fight

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - properly, according to rule/rite

• प्रणुन्नैः (praṇunnaiḥ) - modifying chariots and groups of infantry, elephants, and horses (by those propelled, driven)

• समुद्धतं (samuddhataṁ) - modifying 'rajaḥ' (dust) (raised high, uplifted, vast)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• तरुणार्कवर्णं (taruṇārkavarṇaṁ) - modifying 'rajaḥ' (dust) (of the color of the rising sun)

• रजः (rajaḥ) - dust, pollen, impurity

• बभौ (babhau) - shone, appeared

• छादयत् (chādayat) - modifying 'rajaḥ' (dust) (covering, obscuring)

• सूर्यरश्मीन् (sūryaraśmīn) - the sun's rays

Words meanings and morphology

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पादातगजाश्वसङ्घैः (pādātagajāśvasaṅghaiḥ) - by groups of infantry, elephants, and horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pādātagajāśvasaṅgha

pādātagajāśvasaṅgha - group of infantry, elephants, and horses

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (pādāta+gaja+aśva+saṅgha)

• pādāta – infantry, foot-soldier
  noun (masculine)
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• saṅgha – group, multitude, assembly
  noun (masculine)

प्रयाद्भिः (prayādbhiḥ) - modifying chariots and groups of infantry, elephants, and horses (by those going forward, advancing)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prayānt

prayānt - going forward, advancing

Present Active Participle

From pra-√yā (to go forth, advance)

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āja

āja - battle, fight, contest

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - properly, according to rule/rite

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -vat added to vidhi (rule)

प्रणुन्नैः (praṇunnaiḥ) - modifying chariots and groups of infantry, elephants, and horses (by those propelled, driven)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of praṇunna

praṇunna - pushed forward, propelled, driven

Past Passive Participle

From pra-√nud (to push, impel)

Prefix: pra

Root: nud (class 6)

समुद्धतं (samuddhataṁ) - modifying 'rajaḥ' (dust) (raised high, uplifted, vast)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samuddhata

samuddhata - raised high, uplifted, vast, proud

Past Passive Participle

From sam-ud-√han (to strike up, lift up), where 'han' often reduces to 'dha/ddha' in PPP formation.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: han (class 2)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

तरुणार्कवर्णं (taruṇārkavarṇaṁ) - modifying 'rajaḥ' (dust) (of the color of the rising sun)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of taruṇārkavarṇa

taruṇārkavarṇa - having the color of the young/rising sun

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (taruṇa+arka+varṇa)

• taruṇa – young, fresh, rising (as sun)
  adjective (masculine)
• arka – sun, ray, copper
  noun (masculine)
• varṇa – color, hue, appearance
  noun (masculine)

रजः (rajaḥ) - dust, pollen, impurity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, gloom, passion, menstrual fluid

बभौ (babhau) - shone, appeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhā

Root: bhā (class 2)

छादयत् (chādayat) - modifying 'rajaḥ' (dust) (covering, obscuring)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of chādayat

chādayat - covering, concealing

Present Active Participle (Causal)

From √chad (to cover), causal stem chādaya-

Root: chad (class 1)

सूर्यरश्मीन् (sūryaraśmīn) - the sun's rays

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sūryaraśmi

sūryaraśmi - sunbeam, ray of the sun

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sūrya+raśmi)

• sūrya – sun, sun god
  noun (masculine)
• raśmi – ray, beam, bridle
  noun (masculine)