महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-20, verse-9

भीष्मोऽग्रतः सर्वसैन्यस्य वृद्धः श्वेतच्छत्रः श्वेतधनुः सशङ्खः ।
श्वेतोष्णीषः पाण्डुरेण ध्वजेन श्वेतैरश्वैः श्वेतशैलप्रकाशः ॥९॥

9. bhīṣmo'grataḥ sarvasainyasya vṛddhaḥ; śvetacchatraḥ śvetadhanuḥ saśaṅkhaḥ ,
śvetoṣṇīṣaḥ pāṇḍureṇa dhvajena; śvetairaśvaiḥ śvetaśailaprakāśaḥ.

9. bhīṣmaḥ agrataḥ sarvasainyasya
vṛddhaḥ śvetacchatraḥ śvetadhanuḥ
saśankhaḥ śvetoṣṇīṣaḥ pāṇḍureṇa dhvajena
śvetaiḥ aśvaiḥ śvetaśailaprakāśaḥ

9. vṛddhaḥ bhīṣmaḥ sarvasainyasya agrataḥ
(āsīt) śvetacchatraḥ śvetadhanuḥ saśankhaḥ
śvetoṣṇīṣaḥ pāṇḍureṇa dhvajena śvetaiḥ
aśvaiḥ (sahitaḥ) śvetaśailaprakāśaḥ (āsīt)

9. The aged Bhīṣma stood at the forefront of the entire army, distinguished by his white umbrella, white bow, and a conch. He wore a white turban, and his pale-white banner fluttered, while his white horses made him shine like a white mountain.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (proper name))

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - at the forefront (in front, at the head, before)

• सर्वसैन्यस्य (sarvasainyasya) - of the entire army

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - aged (old, aged, grown)

• श्वेतच्छत्रः (śvetacchatraḥ) - having a white umbrella

• श्वेतधनुः (śvetadhanuḥ) - having a white bow

• सशन्खः (saśankhaḥ) - and a conch (with a conch shell by his side) (with a conch, having a conch)

• श्वेतोष्णीषः (śvetoṣṇīṣaḥ) - having a white turban

• पाण्डुरेण (pāṇḍureṇa) - pale-white (pale, yellowish-white)

• ध्वजेन (dhvajena) - with a banner (by means of a banner, with a flag)

• श्वेतैः (śvetaiḥ) - with white (horses) (by white ones, with white (horses))

• अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - with horses (by horses, with horses)

• श्वेतशैलप्रकाशः (śvetaśailaprakāśaḥ) - shining like a white mountain (shining like a white mountain, having the luster/appearance of a white mountain)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (name of the grand-uncle of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas)

Note: Subject.

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - at the forefront (in front, at the head, before)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas added to agra

Note: Modifies the position of Bhīṣma.

सर्वसैन्यस्य (sarvasainyasya) - of the entire army

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sarvasainya

sarvasainya - entire army, all forces

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+sainya)

• sarva – all, entire
  adjective (neuter)
• sainya – army, host, military
  noun (neuter)

Note: Connects with 'agrataḥ'.

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - aged (old, aged, grown)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - aged, old, grown, venerable

Past Passive Participle

From √vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmaḥ'.

श्वेतच्छत्रः (śvetacchatraḥ) - having a white umbrella

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvetacchatra

śvetacchatra - having a white umbrella

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śveta+chatra)

• śveta – white, bright
  adjective (masculine)
• chatra – umbrella, parasol
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmaḥ'.

श्वेतधनुः (śvetadhanuḥ) - having a white bow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvetadhanu

śvetadhanu - having a white bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śveta+dhanu)

• śveta – white, bright
  adjective (masculine)
• dhanu – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmaḥ'.

सशन्खः (saśankhaḥ) - and a conch (with a conch shell by his side) (with a conch, having a conch)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saśankha

saśankha - with a conch, accompanied by a conch

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+śaṅkha)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• śaṅkha – conch, conch shell
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmaḥ'.

श्वेतोष्णीषः (śvetoṣṇīṣaḥ) - having a white turban

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvetoṣṇīṣa

śvetoṣṇīṣa - having a white turban

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śveta+uṣṇīṣa)

• śveta – white, bright
  adjective (masculine)
• uṣṇīṣa – turban, diadem
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmaḥ'.

पाण्डुरेण (pāṇḍureṇa) - pale-white (pale, yellowish-white)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pāṇḍura

pāṇḍura - pale, whitish, yellowish-white

Note: Agrees with 'dhvajena'.

ध्वजेन (dhvajena) - with a banner (by means of a banner, with a flag)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard

Note: Signifies association.

श्वेतैः (śvetaiḥ) - with white (horses) (by white ones, with white (horses))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śveta

śveta - white, bright, clear

Note: Agrees with 'aśvaiḥ'.

अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - with horses (by horses, with horses)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: Signifies association.

श्वेतशैलप्रकाशः (śvetaśailaprakāśaḥ) - shining like a white mountain (shining like a white mountain, having the luster/appearance of a white mountain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvetaśailaprakāśa

śvetaśailaprakāśa - shining like a white mountain, having the appearance of a white mountain

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śvetaśaila+prakāśa)

• śvetaśaila – white mountain
  noun (masculine)
• prakāśa – light, splendor, appearance, shining
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmaḥ'.