महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-20, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
सूर्योदये संजय के नु पूर्वं युयुत्सवो हृष्यमाणा इवासन् ।
मामका वा भीष्मनेत्राः समीके पाण्डवा वा भीमनेत्रास्तदानीम् ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
sūryodaye saṁjaya ke nu pūrvaṁ; yuyutsavo hṛṣyamāṇā ivāsan ,
māmakā vā bhīṣmanetrāḥ samīke; pāṇḍavā vā bhīmanetrāstadānīm.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca sūryodaye saṃjaya
ke nu pūrvam yuyutsavaḥ hṛṣyamāṇāḥ
iva āsan māmakāḥ vā bhīṣmanetrāḥ
samīke pāṇḍavāḥ vā bhīmanetrāḥ tadānīm

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca saṃjaya sūryodaye pūrvam ke yuyutsavaḥ hṛṣyamāṇāḥ iva nu āsan? samīke bhīṣmanetrāḥ māmakāḥ vā,
tadānīm bhīmanetrāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ vā (āsan)?

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: 'O Sañjaya, at sunrise, who then were the first, eager to fight and, as it were, rejoicing? Was it my sons (māmakāḥ) led by Bhīṣma in the engagement, or the Pāṇḍavas led by Bhīma at that time?'

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king of the Kurus, father of Duryodhana. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सूर्योदये (sūryodaye) - at sunrise, at the dawn

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and reporter of the battle events. (O Sañjaya)

• के (ke) - who, which ones

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then, perhaps (interrogative particle)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, before, earlier

• युयुत्सवः (yuyutsavaḥ) - desirous of fighting, eager to fight

• हृष्यमाणाः (hṛṣyamāṇāḥ) - rejoicing, becoming joyful, bristling with excitement

• इव (iva) - as if, like, in the manner of

• आसन् (āsan) - were, they were

• मामकाः (māmakāḥ) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons, the Kauravas. (my people, my sons, those belonging to me)

• वा (vā) - or

• भीष्मनेत्राः (bhīṣmanetrāḥ) - led by Bhīṣma, having Bhīṣma as leader

• समीके (samīke) - in battle, in the encounter, in the conflict

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - The sons of Pāṇḍu. (the Pāṇḍavas)

• वा (vā) - or

• भीमनेत्राः (bhīmanetrāḥ) - led by Bhīma, having Bhīma as leader

• तदानीम् (tadānīm) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king of the Kurus, father of Duryodhana. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

Root: vac (class 2)

सूर्योदये (sūryodaye) - at sunrise, at the dawn

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sūryodaya

sūryodaya - sunrise

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūrya+udaya)

• sūrya – sun
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū
• udaya – rising, ascent, dawn
  noun (masculine)
  From ud + √i
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Indicates time.

संजय (saṁjaya) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and reporter of the battle events. (O Sañjaya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya

के (ke) - who, which ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then, perhaps (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle

Note: Adds emphasis or curiosity to the question.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, before, earlier

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here, meaning 'first' or 'initially'.

युयुत्सवः (yuyutsavaḥ) - desirous of fighting, eager to fight

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yuyutsu

yuyutsu - desirous of fighting, eager for battle

Desiderative

From desiderative stem of √yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'ke', 'māmakāḥ', and 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

हृष्यमाणाः (hṛṣyamāṇāḥ) - rejoicing, becoming joyful, bristling with excitement

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛṣyamāṇa

hṛṣyamāṇa - rejoicing, being joyful

Present Middle Participle

From √hṛṣ (to be excited, to rejoice)

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'ke', 'māmakāḥ', and 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

इव (iva) - as if, like, in the manner of

(indeclinable)

Note: Expresses a simile or approximation.

आसन् (āsan) - were, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

मामकाः (māmakāḥ) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons, the Kauravas. (my people, my sons, those belonging to me)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of māmaka

māmaka - my, mine, belonging to me

Derived from mama (my)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects alternatives.

भीष्मनेत्राः (bhīṣmanetrāḥ) - led by Bhīṣma, having Bhīṣma as leader

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīṣmanetra

bhīṣmanetra - having Bhīṣma as leader

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhīṣma+netra)

• bhīṣma – Bhīṣma
  proper noun (masculine)
• netra – leader, eye, guide
  noun (neuter)
  From √nī (to lead)
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'māmakāḥ'.

समीके (samīke) - in battle, in the encounter, in the conflict

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of samīka

samīka - battle, encounter, conflict

From sam + √i (to go)

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Indicates place/circumstance.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - The sons of Pāṇḍu. (the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - a descendant of Pāṇḍu

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects alternatives.

भीमनेत्राः (bhīmanetrāḥ) - led by Bhīma, having Bhīma as leader

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīmanetra

bhīmanetra - having Bhīma as leader

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhīma+netra)

• bhīma – Bhīma, terrifying
  proper noun (masculine)
• netra – leader, eye, guide
  noun (neuter)
  From √nī (to lead)
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

तदानीम् (tadānīm) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.