महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-20, verse-2

केषां जघन्यौ सोमसूर्यौ सवायू केषां सेनां श्वापदा व्याभषन्त ।
केषां यूनां मुखवर्णाः प्रसन्नाः सर्वं ह्येतद्ब्रूहि तत्त्वं यथावत् ॥२॥

2. keṣāṁ jaghanyau somasūryau savāyū; keṣāṁ senāṁ śvāpadā vyābhaṣanta ,
keṣāṁ yūnāṁ mukhavarṇāḥ prasannāḥ; sarvaṁ hyetadbrūhi tattvaṁ yathāvat.

2. keṣām jaghanyau somasūryau savāyū
keṣām senām śvāpadāḥ vyābhaṣanta
keṣām yūnām mukhavarṇāḥ prasannāḥ
sarvam hi etat brūhi tattvam yathāvat

2. keṣām somasūryau savāyū jaghanyau? keṣām senām śvāpadāḥ vyābhaṣanta? keṣām yūnām mukhavarṇāḥ prasannāḥ? hi etat sarvam tattvam yathāvat brūhi.

2. Whose moon, sun, and wind are positioned unfavorably? At whose army do wild animals howl? Whose young men have cheerful countenances? Tell me all this truth exactly as it is.

Words meanings summery:

• केषाम् (keṣām) - whose, of whom

• जघन्यौ (jaghanyau) - hindmost, last, inferior, contemptible, unfavorably placed

• सोमसूर्यौ (somasūryau) - the moon and the sun

• सवायू (savāyū) - with the wind, accompanied by Vayu

• केषाम् (keṣām) - whose, of whom

• सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

• श्वापदाः (śvāpadāḥ) - beasts of prey, carnivorous animals

• व्याभषन्त (vyābhaṣanta) - barked at, howled at

• केषाम् (keṣām) - whose, of whom

• यूनाम् (yūnām) - of the young men

• मुखवर्णाः (mukhavarṇāḥ) - facial complexions, countenances, color of faces

• प्रसन्नाः (prasannāḥ) - clear, cheerful, radiant, pleased, serene

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• एतत् (etat) - this

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, say

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - truth, reality, essence

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - accurately, exactly as it is, according to reality

Words meanings and morphology

केषाम् (keṣām) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

जघन्यौ (jaghanyau) - hindmost, last, inferior, contemptible, unfavorably placed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jaghanya

jaghanya - hindmost, last, inferior, contemptible, lowest, worst

Note: Agrees with somasūryau.

सोमसूर्यौ (somasūryau) - the moon and the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of somasūrya

somasūrya - the moon and the sun

Compound type : dvandva (soma+sūrya)

• soma – moon, Soma (drink), a deity
  noun (masculine)
• sūrya – sun, sun god
  noun (masculine)

Note: Dvandva compound.

सवायू (savāyū) - with the wind, accompanied by Vayu

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of savāyu

savāyu - with the wind, accompanied by Vayu

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+vāyu)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• vāyu – wind, air, wind god (Vayu)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying somasūryau.

केषाम् (keṣām) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, forces

श्वापदाः (śvāpadāḥ) - beasts of prey, carnivorous animals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śvāpada

śvāpada - a beast of prey, carnivorous animal

Compound type : tatpurusha (śvan+pada)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, step, trace, mark
  noun (neuter)

Note: Literally 'dog-footed' or 'having the feet of a dog', hence carnivorous animals.

व्याभषन्त (vyābhaṣanta) - barked at, howled at

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhaṣ

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: bhaṣ (class 1)

Note: From vi-ā-bhaṣ.

केषाम् (keṣām) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

यूनाम् (yūnām) - of the young men

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yuvan

yuvan - young, youthful; a young man

Note: Irregular declension.

मुखवर्णाः (mukhavarṇāḥ) - facial complexions, countenances, color of faces

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mukhavarṇa

mukhavarṇa - facial color, complexion, countenance

Compound type : tatpurusha (mukha+varṇa)

• mukha – mouth, face, countenance
  noun (neuter)
• varṇa – color, complexion, caste, letter
  noun (masculine)

Note: Tatpurusha compound.

प्रसन्नाः (prasannāḥ) - clear, cheerful, radiant, pleased, serene

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prasanna

prasanna - clear, bright, pleased, propitiated, tranquil, cheerful

Past Passive Participle

From pra-sad

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle of pra-sad (to be clear, to be pleased).

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Can also be an adjective. Here used as a substantive.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: From root brū (to speak).

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - truth, reality, essence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, principle, essence, true nature

Note: The abstract noun for tat (that).

यथावत् (yathāvat) - accurately, exactly as it is, according to reality

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial.