महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-84, verse-18

महाध्वजपताकाश्च क्रियन्तां सर्वतोदिशम् ।
जलावसिक्तो विरजाः पन्थास्तस्येति चान्वशात् ॥१८॥

18. mahādhvajapatākāśca kriyantāṁ sarvatodiśam ,
jalāvasikto virajāḥ panthāstasyeti cānvaśāt.

18. mahādhvajapatākāḥ ca kriyantām sarvatodiśam
jalāvasiktaḥ virajāḥ panthāḥ tasya iti ca anu aśāt

18. And he instructed, "Let great banners and flags be erected in all directions, and let his path be sprinkled with water and made dust-free."

Words meanings summery:

• महाध्वजपताकाः (mahādhvajapatākāḥ) - great banners and flags

• च (ca) - and, also

• क्रियन्ताम् (kriyantām) - let them be made, let them be done, let them be erected

• सर्वतोदिशम् (sarvatodiśam) - in all directions, everywhere

• जलावसिक्तः (jalāvasiktaḥ) - sprinkled with water, moistened with water

• विरजाः (virajāḥ) - dust-free, spotless, pure

• पन्थाः (panthāḥ) - path, road, way

• तस्य (tasya) - his, its

• इति (iti) - marks end of a direct quote or thought (thus, in this manner)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनु (anu) - after, along, according to

• अशात् (aśāt) - he instructed, commanded

Words meanings and morphology

महाध्वजपताकाः (mahādhvajapatākāḥ) - great banners and flags

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mahādhvajapatākā

mahādhvajapatākā - great banners and flags

Compound type : dvandva (mahat+dhvaja+patākā)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)
• patākā – flag, banner, pennon
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of 'kriyantām'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

क्रियन्ताम् (kriyantām) - let them be made, let them be done, let them be erected

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative passive 3rd plural

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सर्वतोदिशम् (sarvatodiśam) - in all directions, everywhere

(indeclinable)

From sarvataḥ (from all sides) + diś (direction) + adverbial suffix -am.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (sarvatas+diś)

• sarvatas – from all sides, entirely, completely
  indeclinable
• diś – direction, quarter
  noun (feminine)

Note: Adverbial.

जलावसिक्तः (jalāvasiktaḥ) - sprinkled with water, moistened with water

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jalāvasikta

jalāvasikta - sprinkled with water

Past Passive Participle

From ava-sic (to sprinkle) with jala (water) as instrumental agent.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+avasikta)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• avasikta – sprinkled, watered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ava-√sic
  Prefix: ava
  Root: sic (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'panthāḥ'.

विरजाः (virajāḥ) - dust-free, spotless, pure

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virajas

virajas - free from dust, spotless, pure, passionless

From vi-rajas (without dust/passion)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+rajas)

• vi – apart, away, without
  indeclinable
• rajas – dust, dirt; passion (rajas guṇa)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'panthāḥ'.

पन्थाः (panthāḥ) - path, road, way

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way, course

Irregular masculine noun ending in -in

Note: Subject of implied 'let it be'.

तस्य (tasya) - his, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the person for whom the path is prepared.

इति (iti) - marks end of a direct quote or thought (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the instructions or clauses.

अनु (anu) - after, along, according to

(indeclinable)

Note: This is an upasarga.

अशात् (aśāt) - he instructed, commanded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śās

Aorist active 3rd singular with preverb 'anu'

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: This verb form takes the preverb 'anu'.