महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-67, verse-4

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
गावल्गणेऽत्र का भक्तिर्या ते नित्या जनार्दने ।
यया त्वमभिजानासि त्रियुगं मधुसूदनम् ॥४॥

4. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
gāvalgaṇe'tra kā bhaktiryā te nityā janārdane ,
yayā tvamabhijānāsi triyugaṁ madhusūdanam.

4. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca gāvalgaṇe atra kā bhaktiḥ yā te nityā
janārdane yayā tvam abhijānāsi triyugam madhusūdanam

4. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "O son of Gavalgaṇa, what is this constant devotion (bhakti) you have for Janārdana, by which you truly know Madhusūdana, who manifests in three ages?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra, the blind king of Hastinapura (Dhritarashtra, one who holds the kingdom)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (by Dhritarashtra) (said, spoke)

• गावल्गणे (gāvalgaṇe) - O Sanjaya (son of Gavalgaṇa) (O son of Gavalgaṇa)

• अत्र (atra) - in this matter (of knowing Janardana) or simply 'here' meaning 'in you' (here, in this matter)

• का (kā) - what (kind of) (what, which)

• भक्तिः (bhaktiḥ) - devotion (bhakti) (devotion, worship, attachment)

• या (yā) - which (bhakti) (which, who (feminine))

• ते (te) - your (Sanjaya's) (your, to you)

• नित्या (nityā) - constant, unwavering (devotion) (constant, eternal, perpetual)

• जनार्दने (janārdane) - for Lord Krishna (Janārdana) (in Janardana, for Janardana)

• यया (yayā) - by which (devotion) (by which (feminine))

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Sanjaya) (you)

• अभिजानासि (abhijānāsi) - you (Sanjaya) truly know (you know, you recognize)

• त्रियुगम् (triyugam) - one who manifests or is known throughout the three ages (yugas) (existing in three ages, known in three ages)

• मधुसूदनम् (madhusūdanam) - Lord Krishna (Madhusūdana) (Madhusudana, Krishna (slayer of the demon Madhu))

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra, the blind king of Hastinapura (Dhritarashtra, one who holds the kingdom)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper noun), one who holds the kingdom

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, supported, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhṛ- with suffix -ta
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (by Dhritarashtra) (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, third person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

गावल्गणे (gāvalgaṇe) - O Sanjaya (son of Gavalgaṇa) (O son of Gavalgaṇa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of gāvalgaṇa

gāvalgaṇa - son of Gavalgaṇa (patronymic for Sanjaya)

Note: Patronymic for Sanjaya.

अत्र (atra) - in this matter (of knowing Janardana) or simply 'here' meaning 'in you' (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb.

Note: Can be interpreted as 'in this context' or 'in you'.

का (kā) - what (kind of) (what, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who (interrogative pronoun)

Feminine nominative singular of 'kim'.

भक्तिः (bhaktiḥ) - devotion (bhakti) (devotion, worship, attachment)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhakti

bhakti - devotion, worship, attachment, adoration, love

From root bhaj- (to partake, to adore).

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: The subject of the first clause.

या (yā) - which (bhakti) (which, who (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what (relative pronoun)

Feminine nominative singular of 'yad'.

ते (te) - your (Sanjaya's) (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Genitive or Dative singular of 'yuṣmad'.

Note: Possessive for 'bhaktiḥ'.

नित्या (nityā) - constant, unwavering (devotion) (constant, eternal, perpetual)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nitya

nitya - constant, eternal, perpetual, regular

जनार्दने (janārdane) - for Lord Krishna (Janārdana) (in Janardana, for Janardana)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - Janardana (proper noun), agitator of men, an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna

Note: Refers to Krishna.

यया (yayā) - by which (devotion) (by which (feminine))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what (relative pronoun)

Feminine instrumental singular of 'yad'.

Note: Denotes the means 'by which' Sanjaya knows.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Sanjaya) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

अभिजानासि (abhijānāsi) - you (Sanjaya) truly know (you know, you recognize)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of abhijñā

Present tense, second person singular, active voice.

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

त्रियुगम् (triyugam) - one who manifests or is known throughout the three ages (yugas) (existing in three ages, known in three ages)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of triyuga

triyuga - existing in three ages (yugas), known in three ages

Compound type : dvigu (tri+yuga)

• tri – three
  numeral
• yuga – age, epoch, period
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Madhusūdana.

मधुसूदनम् (madhusūdanam) - Lord Krishna (Madhusūdana) (Madhusudana, Krishna (slayer of the demon Madhu))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madhusūdana

madhusūdana - Madhusudana (proper noun), slayer of the demon Madhu, an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhu+sūdana)

• madhu – honey, sweet, a demon (Madhu)
  noun (neuter)
• sūdana – slayer, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root sūd (to kill, destroy) with suffix -ana.
  Root: sūd (class 10)

Note: Object of 'abhijānāsi'.