महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-67, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
कथं त्वं माधवं वेत्थ सर्वलोकमहेश्वरम् ।
कथमेनं न वेदाहं तन्ममाचक्ष्व संजय ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
kathaṁ tvaṁ mādhavaṁ vettha sarvalokamaheśvaram ,
kathamenaṁ na vedāhaṁ tanmamācakṣva saṁjaya.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca kathaṃ tvam mādhavaṃ vettha sarvalokamaheśvaram
katham enam na veda aham tat mama ācakṣva saṃjaya

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "How is it that you know Mādhava, the great lord of all worlds? How is it that I do not know him? Tell me that, Sañjaya."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra, the blind king of Hastinapura (Dhritarashtra, one who holds the kingdom)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (by Dhritarashtra) (said, spoke)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Sanjaya) (you)

• माधवं (mādhavaṁ) - Lord Krishna (Mādhava) (Madhava, Krishna)

• वेत्थ (vettha) - you know (Sanjaya) (you know)

• सर्वलोकमहेश्वरम् (sarvalokamaheśvaram) - Krishna as the great lord of all worlds (the great lord of all worlds)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• एनम् (enam) - him (referring to Mādhava) (him)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• वेद (veda) - I know (by Dhritarashtra) (I know)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Dhritarashtra) (I)

• तत् (tat) - that (explanation) (that, therefore)

• मम (mama) - to me (my, to me)

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - explain, tell (Sanjaya) (tell, narrate)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya, the charioteer and narrator (Sanjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra, the blind king of Hastinapura (Dhritarashtra, one who holds the kingdom)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper noun), one who holds the kingdom

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, supported, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhṛ- with suffix -ta
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (by Dhritarashtra) (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, third person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Sanjaya) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

माधवं (mādhavaṁ) - Lord Krishna (Mādhava) (Madhava, Krishna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - Madhava (proper noun), descendant of Madhu, husband of Lakshmi

वेत्थ (vettha) - you know (Sanjaya) (you know)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present tense, second person singular, archaic perfect form.

Root: vid (class 2)

सर्वलोकमहेश्वरम् (sarvalokamaheśvaram) - Krishna as the great lord of all worlds (the great lord of all worlds)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarvalokamaheśvara

sarvalokamaheśvara - great lord of all worlds

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+loka+mahā+īśvara)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
  Stem form of mahant (great) used as a prefix in compounds.
• īśvara – lord, master, controller, God
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: This entire compound acts as an epithet for Mādhava.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (referring to Mādhava) (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that (pronoun)

Often used as a demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Mādhava.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

वेद (veda) - I know (by Dhritarashtra) (I know)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present tense, first person singular, archaic perfect form.

Root: vid (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I (Dhritarashtra) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

First person pronoun.

तत् (tat) - that (explanation) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that (pronoun), therefore

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Acts as an object referring to the explanation Dhritarashtra seeks.

मम (mama) - to me (my, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, my, to me, of me

Genitive singular of 'asmad'.

Note: Functionally dative (tell to me).

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - explain, tell (Sanjaya) (tell, narrate)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ācakṣ

Imperative mood, second person singular, middle voice.

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya, the charioteer and narrator (Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper noun), victory