महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-194, verse-5

केन कालेन गाङ्गेय क्षपयेथा महाद्युते ।
आचार्यो वा महेष्वासः कृपो वा सुमहाबलः ॥५॥

5. kena kālena gāṅgeya kṣapayethā mahādyute ,
ācāryo vā maheṣvāsaḥ kṛpo vā sumahābalaḥ.

5. kena kālena gāṅgeya kṣapayethāḥ mahādyute
ācāryaḥ vā maheṣvāsaḥ kṛpaḥ vā sumahābalaḥ

5. gāṅgeya mahādyute,
kena kālena (tvam) kṣapayethāḥ? vā ācāryaḥ maheṣvāsaḥ,
vā kṛpaḥ sumahābalaḥ (kṣapayethāḥ)?

5. O son of Gaṅgā (gāṅgeya), O greatly effulgent one, in how much time would you destroy (our enemies)? Or would the preceptor (ācārya) (Droṇa), the great archer, or Kṛpa, the very mighty one (destroy them)?

Words meanings summery:

• केन (kena) - in what (time) (by what, by whom, with what)

• कालेन (kālena) - in time (duration, how quickly) (by time, in time, with time)

• गाङ्गेय (gāṅgeya) - O son of Gaṅgā (Bhīṣma) (son of Gaṅgā, Bhīṣma)

• क्षपयेथाः (kṣapayethāḥ) - you (Bhīṣma) would destroy (you would destroy, you would cause to perish)

• महाद्युते (mahādyute) - O greatly effulgent one (epithet for Bhīṣma) (O greatly effulgent one, O of great splendor)

• आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - the preceptor (Droṇa) (preceptor, teacher)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - the great archer (great archer, having a great bow)

• कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpa (Kṛpa (a name))

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• सुमहाबलः (sumahābalaḥ) - the very mighty one (very mighty, extremely powerful)

Words meanings and morphology

केन (kena) - in what (time) (by what, by whom, with what)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, interrogative pronoun

Note: Qualifies 'kālena'.

कालेन (kālena) - in time (duration, how quickly) (by time, in time, with time)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, duration, period, death

Root: kal (class 1)

Note: Denotes the instrument or means, here implying duration.

गाङ्गेय (gāṅgeya) - O son of Gaṅgā (Bhīṣma) (son of Gaṅgā, Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - son of Gaṅgā (an epithet for Bhīṣma)

Derived from Gaṅgā with suffix '-eya' meaning 'descendant of'.

Note: Address to Bhīṣma.

क्षपयेथाः (kṣapayethāḥ) - you (Bhīṣma) would destroy (you would destroy, you would cause to perish)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of kṣap

Causative of √kṣi or √kṣap

Optative, Middle Voice, 2nd Person Singular.

Root: kṣap (class 10)

Note: The actual form in the verse is क्षपयेथा (kṣapayethā) with final visarga dropped due to sandhi before 'mahādyute'.

महाद्युते (mahādyute) - O greatly effulgent one (epithet for Bhīṣma) (O greatly effulgent one, O of great splendor)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahādyuti

mahādyuti - great splendor, greatly effulgent, very brilliant

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'having great splendor'.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+dyuti)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Stem of mahant.
• dyuti – splendor, brilliance, light, luster
  noun (feminine)
  From √dyut (to shine).
  Root: dyut (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Bhīṣma.

आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - the preceptor (Droṇa) (preceptor, teacher)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - preceptor, teacher, spiritual guide

From ā-√car (to practice, to teach).

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of an implied verb (e.g., 'would destroy').

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects alternatives.

महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - the great archer (great archer, having a great bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - a great archer, having a great bow

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'one who has a great bow'.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Stem of mahant.
• iṣvāsa – archer, bow-holder
  noun (masculine)
  From 'iṣu' (arrow) and 'āsa' (throwing, or sitting/holding).

Note: Qualifies 'ācāryaḥ'.

कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpa (Kṛpa (a name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (a proper name, one of the Kaurava warriors)

Note: Subject of an implied verb.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects alternatives.

सुमहाबलः (sumahābalaḥ) - the very mighty one (very mighty, extremely powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahābala

sumahābala - very mighty, extremely powerful, endowed with great strength

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'endowed with very great strength'. Formed with 'su-' (good, very) and 'mahābala' (great strength).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (su+mahā+bala)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Stem of mahant.
• bala – strength, power, force, army
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'kṛpaḥ'.