महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-194, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
प्रभातायां तु शर्वर्यां पुनरेव सुतस्तव ।
मध्ये सर्वस्य सैन्यस्य पितामहमपृच्छत ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
prabhātāyāṁ tu śarvaryāṁ punareva sutastava ,
madhye sarvasya sainyasya pitāmahamapṛcchata.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca | prabhātāyām tu śarvaryām punar eva
sutaḥ tava | madhye sarvasya sainyasya pitāmaham apṛcchat

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca tu śarvaryām prabhātāyām [satyām] tava sutaḥ
punar eva sarvasya sainyasya madhye pitāmaham apṛcchat

1. Sanjaya said: But when the night dawned, your son again, amidst the entire army, questioned the grandsire (Bhishma).

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - The charioteer and narrator of the Mahābhārata. (Sanjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Sanjaya said (said, spoke)

• प्रभातायाम् (prabhātāyām) - when the night had dawned (dawned, arisen (feminine locative))

• तु (tu) - indeed, then (emphasizing a transition or continuation) (but, indeed, however)

• शर्वर्याम् (śarvaryām) - when the night (had dawned) (in the night, at night)

• पुनर् (punar) - again, once more (he asked) (again, once more)

• एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizes 'again' (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

• तव (tava) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your, of you)

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst of the army (in the middle of, amidst)

• सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of the entire (army) (of all, of the entire)

• सैन्यस्य (sainyasya) - of the army (of the army, of the host)

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - the grandsire (Bhishma) (grandfather, paternal grandfather)

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - Duryodhana asked the grandsire. (asked, questioned)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - The charioteer and narrator of the Mahābhārata. (Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer); victory; victorious

उवाच (uvāca) - Sanjaya said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, third person singular, active voice of root vac (changed to uvāc in perfect)

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रभातायाम् (prabhātāyām) - when the night had dawned (dawned, arisen (feminine locative))

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of prabhāta

prabhāta - dawned, become light, morning

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of pra + bhā 'to shine'

Prefix: pra

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies śarvaryām.

तु (tu) - indeed, then (emphasizing a transition or continuation) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle used for emphasis or contrast.

शर्वर्याम् (śarvaryām) - when the night (had dawned) (in the night, at night)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śarvarī

śarvarī - night

Note: Locative absolute construction with prabhātāyām.

पुनर् (punar) - again, once more (he asked) (again, once more)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizes 'again' (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring; born

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root su 'to give birth to', used as a noun

Root: su (class 2)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

तव (tava) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Attributive genitive.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst of the army (in the middle of, amidst)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a postposition with a genitive.

सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of the entire (army) (of all, of the entire)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Qualifies sainyasya.

सैन्यस्य (sainyasya) - of the army (of the army, of the host)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military

Derived from senā 'army'

Note: Governed by madhye.

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - the grandsire (Bhishma) (grandfather, paternal grandfather)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, grandsire

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - Duryodhana asked the grandsire. (asked, questioned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prach

Imperfect tense, third person singular, active voice of root prach

Root: prach (class 6)