महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-17, verse-7

अगस्त्य उवाच ।
शृणु शक्र प्रियं वाक्यं यथा राजा दुरात्मवान् ।
स्वर्गाद्भ्रष्टो दुराचारो नहुषो बलदर्पितः ॥७॥

7. agastya uvāca ,
śṛṇu śakra priyaṁ vākyaṁ yathā rājā durātmavān ,
svargādbhraṣṭo durācāro nahuṣo baladarpitaḥ.

7. agastyaḥ uvāca śṛṇu śakra priyam vākyam yathā rājā
durātmavān svargāt bhraṣṭaḥ durācāraḥ nahuṣaḥ baladarpitaḥ

7. Agastya said: "Listen, O Indra (Śakra), to this important account: how King Nahuṣa, possessing an evil mind (ātman), proud of his strength, and of wicked conduct, fell from heaven."

Words meanings summery:

• अगस्त्यः (agastyaḥ) - the sage Agastya (Agastya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• शक्र (śakra) - O Indra (O Śakra)

• प्रियम् (priyam) - important (account) (dear, beloved, important)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - account, narrative (statement, word, speech)

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which way

• राजा (rājā) - king

• दुरात्मवान् (durātmavān) - having an evil mind/nature

• स्वर्गात् (svargāt) - from heaven

• भ्रष्टः (bhraṣṭaḥ) - fallen, deviated

• दुराचारः (durācāraḥ) - of wicked conduct, ill-behaved

• नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - King Nahuṣa (Nahuṣa)

• बलदर्पितः (baladarpitaḥ) - proud of strength, arrogant due to power

Words meanings and morphology

अगस्त्यः (agastyaḥ) - the sage Agastya (Agastya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agastya

agastya - Agastya (name of a revered Vedic sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense form

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

शक्र (śakra) - O Indra (O Śakra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Śakra (an epithet of Indra, meaning 'powerful')

प्रियम् (priyam) - important (account) (dear, beloved, important)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, important

Note: Modifies vākyam

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - account, narrative (statement, word, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, statement, sentence, narrative

Root: vac (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

दुरात्मवान् (durātmavān) - having an evil mind/nature

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-souled, wicked, base-minded

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, mind, nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Suffix -vat indicates possession, declined as -vān

स्वर्गात् (svargāt) - from heaven

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, celestial realm

भ्रष्टः (bhraṣṭaḥ) - fallen, deviated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhraṣṭa

bhraṣṭa - fallen, deviated, corrupted

Past Passive Participle

Root: bhraṃś (class 1)

Note: Modifies Nahuṣaḥ

दुराचारः (durācāraḥ) - of wicked conduct, ill-behaved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durācāra

durācāra - of wicked conduct, ill-behaved, immoral

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+ācāra)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• ācāra – conduct, behavior, custom
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Modifies Nahuṣaḥ

नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - King Nahuṣa (Nahuṣa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nahuṣa

nahuṣa - Nahuṣa (name of a legendary king)

बलदर्पितः (baladarpitaḥ) - proud of strength, arrogant due to power

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of baladarpita

baladarpita - proud of strength, arrogant due to power

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bala+darpita)

• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
• darpita – proud, arrogant, intoxicated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: dṛp (class 4)

Note: Modifies Nahuṣaḥ