महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-17, verse-20

उपगम्याब्रुवन्सर्वे दिष्ट्या वर्धसि शत्रुहन् ।
हतश्च नहुषः पापो दिष्ट्यागस्त्येन धीमता ।
दिष्ट्या पापसमाचारः कृतः सर्पो महीतले ॥२०॥

20. upagamyābruvansarve diṣṭyā vardhasi śatruhan ,
hataśca nahuṣaḥ pāpo diṣṭyāgastyena dhīmatā ,
diṣṭyā pāpasamācāraḥ kṛtaḥ sarpo mahītale.

20. upagamya abruvan sarve diṣṭyā vardhasi
śatruhan hataḥ ca nahuṣaḥ pāpaḥ
diṣṭyā agastyena dhīmatā diṣṭyā
pāpasamācāraḥ kṛtaḥ sarpaḥ mahītale

20. All of them, having approached, said: 'Fortunately, O slayer of enemies (śatruhan), you prosper! And fortunately, the wicked Nahuṣa was slain by the wise (dhīmat) Agastya! Fortunately, that one of sinful conduct (pāpasamācāra) has been turned into a serpent on the surface of the earth!'

Words meanings summery:

• उपगम्य (upagamya) - having approached, having gone near

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

• सर्वे (sarve) - Refers to all the entities mentioned in the previous two verses. (all, everyone)

• दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - Expresses good fortune regarding the events. (fortunately, by good luck, happily)

• वर्धसि (vardhasi) - Addressed to Indra. (you prosper, you thrive, you grow)

• शत्रुहन् (śatruhan) - Vocative address to Indra. (O slayer of enemies)

• हतः (hataḥ) - Refers to Nahuṣa being slain. (slain, killed, destroyed)

• च (ca) - Connects the two statements of good fortune. (and, also)

• नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - The king who usurped Indra's throne and was cursed by Agastya. (Nahuṣa)

• पापः (pāpaḥ) - Refers to Nahuṣa's immoral conduct. (wicked, sinful, evil)

• दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - fortunately, by good luck

• अगस्त्येन (agastyena) - The sage who cursed Nahuṣa. (by Agastya)

• धीमता (dhīmatā) - Qualifies Agastya. (by the wise one, by the intelligent one)

• दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - fortunately, by good luck

• पापसमाचारः (pāpasamācāraḥ) - Refers to Nahuṣa's character. (of sinful conduct, whose actions are evil)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - Nahuṣa was turned into a serpent. (made, done, performed, turned into)

• सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - The form Nahuṣa was cursed into. (serpent, snake)

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the surface of the earth, on the ground

Words meanings and morphology

उपगम्य (upagamya) - having approached, having gone near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Root `gam` with prefix `upa`, forming an absolutive with suffix `ya`.

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural

Augmented form of root `brū`.

Root: brū (class 2)

सर्वे (sarve) - Refers to all the entities mentioned in the previous two verses. (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Subject of `abruvan`.

दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - Expresses good fortune regarding the events. (fortunately, by good luck, happily)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of `diṣṭi` (luck, destiny) used adverbially.

वर्धसि (vardhasi) - Addressed to Indra. (you prosper, you thrive, you grow)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present tense, 2nd person singular

Root `vṛdh`.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

शत्रुहन् (śatruhan) - Vocative address to Indra. (O slayer of enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śatruhan

śatruhan - slayer of enemies, vanquisher of foes

Compound of `śatru` (enemy) and `han` (slayer, from root `han` to kill).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śatru+han)

• śatru – enemy, foe, rival
  noun (masculine)
• han – slayer, killer, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun suffix
  Derived from root `han` (to kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

हतः (hataḥ) - Refers to Nahuṣa being slain. (slain, killed, destroyed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, destroyed, struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `han` (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `nahuṣaḥ`.

च (ca) - Connects the two statements of good fortune. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - The king who usurped Indra's throne and was cursed by Agastya. (Nahuṣa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nahuṣa

nahuṣa - Name of an ancient king, later cursed to be a serpent.

Note: Subject of `hataḥ`.

पापः (pāpaḥ) - Refers to Nahuṣa's immoral conduct. (wicked, sinful, evil)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - wicked, sinful, evil, base, bad; sin, evil

Note: Qualifies `nahuṣaḥ`.

दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - fortunately, by good luck

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of `diṣṭi` (luck, destiny) used adverbially.

अगस्त्येन (agastyena) - The sage who cursed Nahuṣa. (by Agastya)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of agastya

agastya - Agastya, name of a revered Vedic sage.

धीमता (dhīmatā) - Qualifies Agastya. (by the wise one, by the intelligent one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - wise, intelligent, sagacious, clever

Derived from `dhī` (intellect) with suffix `matup`.

दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - fortunately, by good luck

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of `diṣṭi` (luck, destiny) used adverbially.

पापसमाचारः (pāpasamācāraḥ) - Refers to Nahuṣa's character. (of sinful conduct, whose actions are evil)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpasamācāra

pāpasamācāra - of sinful conduct, whose actions are evil

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (pāpa+samācāra)

• pāpa – sinful, wicked, evil
  adjective
• samācāra – conduct, practice, behavior
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of `sam` + `ā` + `car` (to move)
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject, Nahuṣa.

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - Nahuṣa was turned into a serpent. (made, done, performed, turned into)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - made, done, performed, created, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `kṛ` (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicative participle, implies 'was made into'.

सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - The form Nahuṣa was cursed into. (serpent, snake)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - serpent, snake, creeping animal

From root `sṛp` (to creep, glide).

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively with `kṛtaḥ`.

महीतले (mahītale) - on the surface of the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - surface of the earth, ground, earth

Compound `mahī` (earth) + `tala` (surface).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, flat ground
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates location.