महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-17, verse-18

शल्य उवाच ।
ततो देवा भृशं तुष्टा महर्षिगणसंवृताः ।
पितरश्चैव यक्षाश्च भुजगा राक्षसास्तथा ॥१८॥

18. śalya uvāca ,
tato devā bhṛśaṁ tuṣṭā maharṣigaṇasaṁvṛtāḥ ,
pitaraścaiva yakṣāśca bhujagā rākṣasāstathā.

18. śalyaḥ uvāca tataḥ devāḥ bhṛśam tuṣṭāḥ maharṣigaṇasaṃvṛtāḥ
pitaraḥ ca eva yakṣāḥ ca bhujagāḥ rākṣasāḥ tathā

18. Śalya said: Then, the gods, exceedingly pleased and surrounded by hosts of great sages, as well as the ancestors, yakshas, serpents, and rākṣasas, [were all present].

Words meanings summery:

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - The speaker of these verses, king Śalya. (Śalya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates sequence in time. (then, thereafter, from there)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - The celestial beings. (gods, deities)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, intensely

• तुष्टाः (tuṣṭāḥ) - pleased, satisfied, content

• महर्षिगणसंवृताः (maharṣigaṇasaṁvṛtāḥ) - Describes the assembly of gods. (surrounded by hosts of great sages)

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - The ancestral spirits. (ancestors, manes, fathers)

• च (ca) - Connects nouns in a list. (and, also)

• एव (eva) - Emphatic particle. (indeed, just, only)

• यक्षाः (yakṣāḥ) - yakshas (a class of demigods)

• च (ca) - Connects nouns in a list. (and, also)

• भुजगाः (bhujagāḥ) - serpents, nagas

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - rākṣasas (demons)

• तथा (tathā) - Connects the last item in a list with previous ones. (thus, so, similarly, and also)

Words meanings and morphology

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - The speaker of these verses, king Śalya. (Śalya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Name of a king, a spear, an arrow

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root `vac` takes `uv` augment in perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates sequence in time. (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

ablative suffix `tas` from pronoun `tad`

देवाः (devāḥ) - The celestial beings. (gods, deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, intensely

(indeclinable)

often used as an adverb

तुष्टाः (tuṣṭāḥ) - pleased, satisfied, content

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tuṣṭa

tuṣṭa - pleased, satisfied, contented, gratified

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `tuṣ` (to be pleased)

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

महर्षिगणसंवृताः (maharṣigaṇasaṁvṛtāḥ) - Describes the assembly of gods. (surrounded by hosts of great sages)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maharṣigaṇasaṃvṛta

maharṣigaṇasaṁvṛta - surrounded by an assembly of great sages

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (maharṣi+gaṇa+saṃvṛta)

• maharṣi – great sage
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, host, multitude, collection
  noun (masculine)
• saṃvṛta – surrounded, encompassed, covered
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `vṛ` (to cover) with prefix `sam`
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies `devāḥ`.

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - The ancestral spirits. (ancestors, manes, fathers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, manes

`ṛ`-ending noun

च (ca) - Connects nouns in a list. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - Emphatic particle. (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

यक्षाः (yakṣāḥ) - yakshas (a class of demigods)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yakṣa

yakṣa - yaksha, a class of semi-divine beings, guardians of wealth

च (ca) - Connects nouns in a list. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

भुजगाः (bhujagāḥ) - serpents, nagas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhujaga

bhujaga - serpent, snake, naga (lit. 'moving on the arm/shoulder')

`bhujā` (arm/shoulder) + `ga` (going) - Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (bhujā+ga)

• bhujā – arm, hand, branch
  noun (feminine)
• ga – going, moving, residing
  adjective
  Agent noun suffix
  Derived from root `gam` (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - rākṣasa, a demon, an evil being

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - Connects the last item in a list with previous ones. (thus, so, similarly, and also)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of manner