महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-17, verse-11

अगस्त्य उवाच ।
ततो विवदमानः स मुनिभिः सह वासव ।
अथ मामस्पृशन्मूर्ध्नि पादेनाधर्मपीडितः ॥११॥

11. agastya uvāca ,
tato vivadamānaḥ sa munibhiḥ saha vāsava ,
atha māmaspṛśanmūrdhni pādenādharmapīḍitaḥ.

11. agastyaḥ uvāca tataḥ vivadamānaḥ saḥ munibhiḥ saha
vāsava atha mām aspṛśat mūrdhni pādena adharmapīḍitaḥ

11. Agastya said: 'Then, while that Nahusha was arguing with the sages, O Vāsava (Indra), he, afflicted by unrighteousness (adharma), touched my head with his foot'.

Words meanings summery:

• अगस्त्यः (agastyaḥ) - Agastya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, therefore

• विवदमानः (vivadamānaḥ) - arguing, disputing, debating

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• मुनिभिः (munibhiḥ) - with sages, by ascetics

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• वासव (vāsava) - O Indra (the listener, not Nahusha here) (O Vāsava)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• माम् (mām) - me

• अस्पृशत् (aspṛśat) - he touched

• मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head, in the head

• पादेन (pādena) - by foot, with the foot

• अधर्मपीडितः (adharmapīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by unrighteousness (adharma) (afflicted by unrighteousness, oppressed by injustice)

Words meanings and morphology

अगस्त्यः (agastyaḥ) - Agastya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agastya

agastya - Agastya (name of a celebrated Vedic sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, therefore

(indeclinable)

विवदमानः (vivadamānaḥ) - arguing, disputing, debating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivadamāna

vivadamāna - arguing, disputing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from vi-√vad (to dispute)

Prefix: vi

Root: vad (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

मुनिभिः (munibhiḥ) - with sages, by ascetics

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, hermit

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

वासव (vāsava) - O Indra (the listener, not Nahusha here) (O Vāsava)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vāsava

vāsava - Indra, descendant of Vasu

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

अस्पृशत् (aspṛśat) - he touched

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of spṛś

Root: spṛś (class 6)

मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head, in the head

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top, summit

पादेन (pādena) - by foot, with the foot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāda

pāda - foot, leg, quarter (of a verse or unit)

अधर्मपीडितः (adharmapīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by unrighteousness (adharma) (afflicted by unrighteousness, oppressed by injustice)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharmapīḍita

adharmapīḍita - afflicted by unrighteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adharma+pīḍita)

• adharma – unrighteousness, injustice, non-natural law
  noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – afflicted, distressed, oppressed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √pīḍ (to oppress, to torment)
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)