महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-169, verse-3

एष वीरो महेष्वासः कृती च निपुणश्च ह ।
चित्रयोधी च शक्तश्च मतो मे रथपुंगवः ॥३॥

3. eṣa vīro maheṣvāsaḥ kṛtī ca nipuṇaśca ha ,
citrayodhī ca śaktaśca mato me rathapuṁgavaḥ.

3. eṣaḥ vīraḥ mahā iṣvāsaḥ kṛtī ca nipuṇaḥ ca ha
citrayodhī ca śaktaḥ ca mataḥ me rathapuṅgavaḥ

3. eṣaḥ vīraḥ,
mahā iṣvāsaḥ,
kṛtī ca nipuṇaḥ ca ha,
citrayodhī ca śaktaḥ ca,
me rathapuṅgavaḥ mataḥ.

3. This hero, a great archer, is indeed accomplished and skillful. He is also a versatile (citrayodhī) and capable fighter, and he is considered by me to be a foremost (rathapuṅgava) chariot-fighter.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - This hero (this, he)

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave, warrior

• महा (mahā) - great, mighty

• इष्वासः (iṣvāsaḥ) - archer, bowman

• कृती (kṛtī) - skilled, accomplished, expert

• च (ca) - and

• निपुणः (nipuṇaḥ) - skillful, clever, expert

• च (ca) - and

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

• चित्रयोधी (citrayodhī) - versatile fighter, wonderful fighter, one who fights skillfully

• च (ca) - and

• शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable, powerful, able

• च (ca) - and

• मतः (mataḥ) - considered, deemed, thought

• मे (me) - by me, to me, my

• रथपुङ्गवः (rathapuṅgavaḥ) - foremost of chariot-fighters, best among chariot-fighters

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - This hero (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

Note: Used as a demonstrative pronoun.

वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave, warrior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, valiant

महा (mahā) - great, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā

mahā - great, mighty

Note: First part of the compound "mahā iṣvāsaḥ".

इष्वासः (iṣvāsaḥ) - archer, bowman

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of iṣvāsa

iṣvāsa - bowman, archer

Derived from `iṣu` (arrow) + `āsa` (thrower, from `as` 'to throw')

Prefix: ā

Root: as (class 4)

कृती (kṛtī) - skilled, accomplished, expert

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtin

kṛtin - accomplished, skilled, expert

Derived from `kṛta` (done) + suffix `-in`

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

निपुणः (nipuṇaḥ) - skillful, clever, expert

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipuṇa

nipuṇa - skillful, clever, expert

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

चित्रयोधी (citrayodhī) - versatile fighter, wonderful fighter, one who fights skillfully

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of citrayodhin

citrayodhin - versatile fighter, one who fights with various tactics, wonderful fighter

Derived from `citra` (varied, wonderful) + `yodhin` (fighter)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (citra+yodhin)

• citra – varied, wonderful, strange
  adjective (neuter)
• yodhin – fighter, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `yudh` (to fight) + suffix `-in`
  Root: yudh (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable, powerful, able

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakta

śakta - able, capable, powerful

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root `śak` (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Functions as an adjective here.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मतः (mataḥ) - considered, deemed, thought

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mata

mata - considered, thought, deemed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root `man` (to think, to believe)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective in this passive construction.

मे (me) - by me, to me, my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: The dative/genitive case marker is 'me'. Here it functions as 'by me' in passive construction.

रथपुङ्गवः (rathapuṅgavaḥ) - foremost of chariot-fighters, best among chariot-fighters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathapuṅgava

rathapuṅgava - foremost of chariot-fighters, best among chariot-fighters

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+puṅgava)

• ratha – chariot, chariot-fighter
  noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)