महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-157, verse-17

अशक्तेनैव यच्छप्तं सभामध्ये वृकोदर ।
दुःशासनस्य रुधिरं पीयतां यदि शक्यते ॥१७॥

17. aśaktenaiva yacchaptaṁ sabhāmadhye vṛkodara ,
duḥśāsanasya rudhiraṁ pīyatāṁ yadi śakyate.

17. aśaktena eva yat śaptam sabhā madhye vṛkodara
duḥśāsanasya rudhiram pīyatām yadi śakyate

17. vṛkodara yadi śakyate aśaktena eva sabhāmadhye
yat duḥśāsanasya rudhiram śaptam pīyatām

17. O Vṛkodara (Bhīma), if it is possible, then let the blood of Duḥśāsana be drunk, the very blood that was sworn upon in the assembly by one who was helpless at that time.

Words meanings summery:

• अशक्तेन (aśaktena) - by one who was helpless (referring to Bhīma) (by the unable one, by the helpless one)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (emphasizing the helplessness) (indeed, only, certainly)

• यत् (yat) - that which (referring to the blood) (which, that which)

• शप्तम् (śaptam) - sworn (referring to the oath to drink blood) (sworn, cursed, vowed)

• सभा (sabhā) - assembly (where the oath was made) (assembly, council, court)

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle of (the assembly) (in the middle, amidst, among)

• वृकोदर (vṛkodara) - O Vṛkodara (a name for Bhīma, known for his great appetite and strength) (O Vṛkodara, O wolf-bellied one)

• दुःशासनस्य (duḥśāsanasya) - of Duḥśāsana (Kaurava prince) (of Duḥśāsana)

• रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

• पीयताम् (pīyatām) - let it be drunk (referring to the blood) (let it be drunk)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• शक्यते (śakyate) - if it is possible (it is possible, one can)

Words meanings and morphology

अशक्तेन (aśaktena) - by one who was helpless (referring to Bhīma) (by the unable one, by the helpless one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aśakta

aśakta - unable, helpless, incapable

Past Passive Participle (negative prefix)

Derived from root śak (to be able), with a- (negative) prefix, forming a past passive participle used adjectivally.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śakta)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śakta – able, capable, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of the root śak- (to be able).
  Root: śak (class 5)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (emphasizing the helplessness) (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - that which (referring to the blood) (which, that which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

शप्तम् (śaptam) - sworn (referring to the oath to drink blood) (sworn, cursed, vowed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śapta

śapta - cursed, sworn, vowed, assailed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root śap- (to curse, to swear).

Root: śap (class 1)

सभा (sabhā) - assembly (where the oath was made) (assembly, council, court)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, meeting, court, audience hall

Note: Used here adverbially in compound with 'madhye' to mean 'in the assembly'.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle of (the assembly) (in the middle, amidst, among)

(indeclinable)

Locative singular form used adverbially.

Note: Derived from locative of madhya, used as an adverbial meaning 'in the middle of'.

वृकोदर (vṛkodara) - O Vṛkodara (a name for Bhīma, known for his great appetite and strength) (O Vṛkodara, O wolf-bellied one)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vṛkodara

vṛkodara - wolf-bellied, a name for Bhīma (son of Vāyu)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vṛka+udara)

• vṛka – wolf
  noun (masculine)
• udara – belly, stomach
  noun (neuter)

दुःशासनस्य (duḥśāsanasya) - of Duḥśāsana (Kaurava prince) (of Duḥśāsana)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (a Kaurava prince, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rudhira

rudhira - blood

पीयताम् (pīyatām) - let it be drunk (referring to the blood) (let it be drunk)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of pā

3rd person singular imperative, passive voice.

Root: pā (class 1)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

शक्यते (śakyate) - if it is possible (it is possible, one can)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śak

3rd person singular present, passive voice.

Root: śak (class 5)