महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-157, verse-10

यत्तदुक्तं महद्वाक्यं कर्मणा तद्विभाव्यताम् ।
अकर्मणा कत्थितेन सन्तः कुपुरुषं विदुः ॥१०॥

10. yattaduktaṁ mahadvākyaṁ karmaṇā tadvibhāvyatām ,
akarmaṇā katthitena santaḥ kupuruṣaṁ viduḥ.

10. yat tat uktam mahat vākyaṃ karmaṇā tat vibhāvyatām
akarmaṇā katthitena santaḥ kupuruṣaṃ viduḥ

10. yat mahat vākyaṃ uktam tat karmaṇā vibhāvyatām
santaḥ akarmaṇā katthitena kupuruṣaṃ viduḥ

10. Let that great statement which was spoken be demonstrated by action. The wise recognize an ignoble person by their inaction and mere boasting.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which (refers to 'vākyam') (which, what, that)

• तत् (tat) - that (statement) (that, it)

• उक्तम् (uktam) - that was spoken (spoken, said, declared)

• महत् (mahat) - great (statement) (great, large, noble)

• वाक्यं (vākyaṁ) - statement, word, sentence, speech

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action/doing (not mere words) (by action, by deed, by work)

• तत् (tat) - that (statement) (that, it)

• विभाव्यताम् (vibhāvyatām) - let it be actualized/demonstrated (let it be demonstrated, let it be shown, let it be brought to light)

• अकर्मणा (akarmaṇā) - by inaction (by inaction, by not doing)

• कत्थितेन (katthitena) - by mere boasting (by boasting, by extolling oneself)

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - the wise (people) (the good, the virtuous, the wise, the existent)

• कुपुरुषं (kupuruṣaṁ) - an ignoble person (a bad person, an ignoble person, a wicked man)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which (refers to 'vākyam') (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that, who

Relative pronoun.

Note: Connects to `vākyam`.

तत् (tat) - that (statement) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers back to `vākyam`.

उक्तम् (uktam) - that was spoken (spoken, said, declared)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, declared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `vac` (to speak) + `kta` suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

महत् (mahat) - great (statement) (great, large, noble)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, noble, mighty

Present Active Participle

From root `mah` (to be great) + `śatṛ` suffix, or derived directly as an adjective.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Modifies `vākyam`.

वाक्यं (vākyaṁ) - statement, word, sentence, speech

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement, saying

Derived from `vāc` (speech).

Note: Subject of the first clause.

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action/doing (not mere words) (by action, by deed, by work)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, destiny (karma)

From root `kṛ` (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agent of the passive `vibhāvyatām`.

तत् (tat) - that (statement) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the passive verb `vibhāvyatām`.

विभाव्यताम् (vibhāvyatām) - let it be actualized/demonstrated (let it be demonstrated, let it be shown, let it be brought to light)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of vibhāvyatām

Causative, Imperative mood, passive voice

From `vi` + root `bhā` (to shine) + `ṇic` (causative) + `loṭ` (imperative) third person singular, passive.

Prefix: vi

Root: bhā (class 2)

अकर्मणा (akarmaṇā) - by inaction (by inaction, by not doing)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of akarman

akarman - inaction, not doing, absence of action

`a` (negation) + `karman` (action).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+karman)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual, destiny (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From root `kṛ` (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with `katthitena` as a means.

कत्थितेन (katthitena) - by mere boasting (by boasting, by extolling oneself)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of katthita

katthita - boasted, praised, extolled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `katth` (to boast) + `kta` suffix.

Root: katth (class 1)

Note: Modifies an implied agent, or stands for the act itself.

सन्तः (santaḥ) - the wise (people) (the good, the virtuous, the wise, the existent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sant

sant - being, existing, good, virtuous, wise

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `as` (to be) + `śatṛ` suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Subject of `viduḥ`.

कुपुरुषं (kupuruṣaṁ) - an ignoble person (a bad person, an ignoble person, a wicked man)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kupuruṣa

kupuruṣa - bad man, ignoble person, wicked person

`ku` (bad) + `puruṣa` (person).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ku+puruṣa)

• ku – bad, evil, wicked, ignoble
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating badness or inferiority.
• puruṣa – man, person, male, human being, the Supreme Being (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `viduḥ`.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of viduḥ

Perfect (Lit) mood, third person plural

From root `vid` (to know), `liṭ` (perfect) third person plural.

Root: vid (class 2)