महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-118, verse-6

अवतीर्य रथात्कन्या नमस्कृत्वा च बन्धुषु ।
उपगम्य वनं पुण्यं तपस्तेपे ययातिजा ॥६॥

6. avatīrya rathātkanyā namaskṛtvā ca bandhuṣu ,
upagamya vanaṁ puṇyaṁ tapastepe yayātijā.

6. avatīrya rathāt kanyā namaskṛtvā ca bandhuṣu
upagamya vanam puṇyam tapas tepe yayātijā

6. Having descended from her chariot and paid respects to her relatives, the maiden, Yayāti's daughter, then approached the sacred forest and performed penance (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended from the chariot (having descended, having dismounted)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• कन्या (kanyā) - the princess (maiden, girl, virgin, princess)

• नमस्कृत्वा (namaskṛtvā) - having bowed to her relatives (having saluted, having bowed, having paid homage)

• च (ca) - and

• बन्धुषु (bandhuṣu) - among relatives, to relatives

• उपगम्य (upagamya) - having approached the forest (having approached, having gone near)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, grove

• पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - sacred, holy, virtuous, auspicious

• तपस् (tapas) - penance, austerity, spiritual discipline

• तेपे (tepe) - she performed penance (she performed penance, she heated herself)

• ययातिजा (yayātijā) - Princess Devayānī (daughter of King Yayāti) (daughter of Yayāti)

Words meanings and morphology

अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended from the chariot (having descended, having dismounted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root tṝ (to cross, pass) with prefix ava and ā.

Prefixes: ava+ā

Root: tṝ (class 1)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Derived from root 'ram' (to delight in) or 'ṛ' (to go).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Denotes separation from.

कन्या (kanyā) - the princess (maiden, girl, virgin, princess)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kanyā

kanyā - maiden, girl, virgin, daughter, princess

Root: kan (class 1)

Note: The subject of the sentence.

नमस्कृत्वा (namaskṛtvā) - having bowed to her relatives (having saluted, having bowed, having paid homage)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with prefix namas. Formed with `ktvā` suffix.

Prefix: namas

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

बन्धुषु (bandhuṣu) - among relatives, to relatives

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bandhu

bandhu - relative, kinsman, friend

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Locative of destination with verbs of bowing/saluting.

उपगम्य (upagamya) - having approached the forest (having approached, having gone near)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root gam (to go) with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

वनम् (vanam) - forest, grove

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, grove, wood, collection

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Object of `upagamya`.

पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - sacred, holy, virtuous, auspicious

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - sacred, holy, virtuous, auspicious, meritorious

Root: puṇ (class 1)

तपस् (tapas) - penance, austerity, spiritual discipline

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, heat, spiritual fervor (tapas)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of `tepe` (implied 'did'/'performed').

तेपे (tepe) - she performed penance (she performed penance, she heated herself)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect past (lit) of tap

perfect (ātmanepada)

3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada), perfect tense.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: The main verb of the sentence.

ययातिजा (yayātijā) - Princess Devayānī (daughter of King Yayāti) (daughter of Yayāti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yayātijā

yayātijā - daughter of Yayāti, born from Yayāti

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yayāti+jā)

• yayāti – name of a famous king
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: yā (class 2)
• jā – born, produced, daughter of
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Feminine form of `ja` (born from), derived from root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject, appositive to `kanyā`.