महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-118, verse-19

कर्मणा केन सिद्धोऽयं क्व वानेन तपश्चितम् ।
कथं वा ज्ञायते स्वर्गे केन वा ज्ञायतेऽप्युत ॥१९॥

19. karmaṇā kena siddho'yaṁ kva vānena tapaścitam ,
kathaṁ vā jñāyate svarge kena vā jñāyate'pyuta.

19. karmaṇā kena siddhaḥ ayam kva vā anena tapaḥ citam
katham vā jñāyate svarge kena vā jñāyate api uta

19. By what action (karma) has this person achieved this state? Or where did he accumulate austerity (tapas)? How is he recognized in heaven, or by whom is he known even here?

Words meanings summery:

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed, by ritual

• केन (kena) - by whom (referring to a person) (by what, by which)

• सिद्धः (siddhaḥ) - perfected, accomplished, achieved, successful

• अयम् (ayam) - this person (this (one))

• क्व (kva) - where?

• वा (vā) - or

• अनेन (anena) - by this person (referring to the subject of the questions) (by this (one), by him)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, heat

• चितम् (citam) - accumulated, piled up, collected

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• वा (vā) - or

• ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known, is understood, is recognized

• स्वर्गे (svarge) - in heaven

• केन (kena) - by whom (by what, by which)

• वा (vā) - or

• ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known, is understood, is recognized

• अपि (api) - even (here) (also, even, moreover)

• उत (uta) - or, indeed, moreover

Words meanings and morphology

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed, by ritual

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, destiny (as result of past actions)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

केन (kena) - by whom (referring to a person) (by what, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ka

ka - who, which, what

सिद्धः (siddhaḥ) - perfected, accomplished, achieved, successful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siddha

siddha - accomplished, achieved, perfected, successful; a perfected being

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sidh' (to succeed, accomplish) with suffix 'kta'

Root: sidh (class 4)

अयम् (ayam) - this person (this (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

क्व (kva) - where?

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अनेन (anena) - by this person (referring to the subject of the questions) (by this (one), by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, heat

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

चितम् (citam) - accumulated, piled up, collected

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cita

cita - piled up, gathered, accumulated, built

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ci' (to pile, collect) with suffix 'kta'

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `tapaḥ`.

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known, is understood, is recognized

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Root 'jñā' (class 9, sometimes 1) in passive voice, Present Tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd singular

Root: jñā (class 9)

स्वर्गे (svarge) - in heaven

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, celestial abode

केन (kena) - by whom (by what, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ka

ka - who, which, what

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known, is understood, is recognized

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Root 'jñā' in passive voice, Present Tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd singular

Root: jñā (class 9)

अपि (api) - even (here) (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

उत (uta) - or, indeed, moreover

(indeclinable)