महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-118, verse-17

ततस्तं बुबुधे देवः शक्रो बलनिषूदनः ।
ते च राजर्षयः सर्वे धिग्धिगित्येवमब्रुवन् ॥१७॥

17. tatastaṁ bubudhe devaḥ śakro balaniṣūdanaḥ ,
te ca rājarṣayaḥ sarve dhigdhigityevamabruvan.

17. tataḥ tam bubudhe devaḥ śakraḥ balaniṣūdanaḥ te
ca rājarṣayaḥ sarve dhik dhik iti evam abruvan

17. Then the god Śakra (Indra), the destroyer of Bala, understood him. And all those royal sages exclaimed, 'Shame! Shame!'

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, after that (then, thereupon, from that)

• तम् (tam) - him (Yayāti) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• बुबुधे (bubudhe) - he knew, he understood, he became aware

• देवः (devaḥ) - the god Indra (god, deity)

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra (Śakra (a name of Indra))

• बलनिषूदनः (balaniṣūdanaḥ) - epithet of Indra, who slew the demon Bala (destroyer of Bala)

• ते (te) - those (sages) (they, those)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• धिक् (dhik) - expressing strong condemnation, 'shame on him' (shame! woe! alas!)

• धिक् (dhik) - expressing strong condemnation, 'shame on him' (shame! woe! alas!)

• इति (iti) - marking the preceding words as a quotation (thus, so; (marks a quotation))

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, after that (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him (Yayāti) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'bubudhe'

बुबुधे (bubudhe) - he knew, he understood, he became aware

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of budh

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Reduplicated root form, ātmanepada

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Subject is Śakra

देवः (devaḥ) - the god Indra (god, deity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Refers to Śakra

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra (Śakra (a name of Indra))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra (name of a prominent deity)

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Subject of 'bubudhe'

बलनिषूदनः (balaniṣūdanaḥ) - epithet of Indra, who slew the demon Bala (destroyer of Bala)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balaniṣūdana

balaniṣūdana - destroyer of Bala

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bala+niṣūdana)

• bala – strength; a demon's name
  noun (masculine)
• niṣūdana – destroyer, killer
  noun (masculine)
  Formed from root sūd with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sūd (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'śakraḥ'

ते (te) - those (sages) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'rājarṣayaḥ'

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, king and sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abruvan'

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

Note: Agrees with 'rājarṣayaḥ'

धिक् (dhik) - expressing strong condemnation, 'shame on him' (shame! woe! alas!)

(indeclinable)

धिक् (dhik) - expressing strong condemnation, 'shame on him' (shame! woe! alas!)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - marking the preceding words as a quotation (thus, so; (marks a quotation))

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural

From root brū (anomalous root)

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'rājarṣayaḥ sarve'