महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-113, verse-20

तमुपागम्य विप्रः स हर्यश्वं गालवोऽब्रवीत् ।
कन्येयं मम राजेन्द्र प्रसवैः कुलवर्धिनी ॥२०॥

20. tamupāgamya vipraḥ sa haryaśvaṁ gālavo'bravīt ,
kanyeyaṁ mama rājendra prasavaiḥ kulavardhinī.

20. tam upāgamya vipraḥ saḥ haryaśvam gālavaḥ abravīt
kanyā iyam mama rājendra prasavaiḥ kulavardhinī

20. Approaching him, that Brahmin Gālava said to King Haryaśva, "O King (rājenrda), this daughter of mine enhances the family through her progeny."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• उपागम्य (upāgamya) - having approached, having gone near

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a Brahmin, a sage

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• हर्यश्वम् (haryaśvam) - Haryaśva (a king)

• गालवः (gālavaḥ) - Gālava (a sage's name)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

• कन्या (kanyā) - daughter, maiden, girl

• इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O King, O chief of kings

• प्रसवैः (prasavaiḥ) - through progeny, by means of births

• कुलवर्धिनी (kulavardhinī) - who increases/enhances the family

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Note: masculine form for "him"

उपागम्य (upāgamya) - having approached, having gone near

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from prefix upa- and ā- with root gam, suffix -ya for absolutive.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a Brahmin, a sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - a Brahmin, a sage, inspired, learned

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: masculine form for "he"

हर्यश्वम् (haryaśvam) - Haryaśva (a king)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of haryaśva

haryaśva - having bay horses; name of a king

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hari+aśva)

• hari – bay, reddish-brown, tawny
  adjective
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the verb abravīt.

गालवः (gālavaḥ) - Gālava (a sage's name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - name of a sage, descendant of Gāla

Note: Subject of the verb abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root verb with imperfect (laṅ) affix, 3rd person singular active.

Root: brū (class 2)

कन्या (kanyā) - daughter, maiden, girl

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kanyā

kanyā - daughter, maiden, girl

Note: Subject of implied 'is'.

इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O King, O chief of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, Indra (the god)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to the king.

प्रसवैः (prasavaiḥ) - through progeny, by means of births

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prasava

prasava - birth, production, offspring, progeny

Prefix: pra

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Signifies the means or agency.

कुलवर्धिनी (kulavardhinī) - who increases/enhances the family

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kulavardhinī

kulavardhinī - one who increases the family, family-enhancing

Feminine form of kulavardhin, derived from kula + √vṛdh (to grow/increase).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kula+vardhinī)

• kula – family, lineage, clan
  noun (neuter)
• vardhinī – one who increases, increasing (feminine)
  adjective (feminine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From root vṛdh (to grow, increase) + -inī suffix.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies kanyā.