महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-113, verse-3

दृष्ट्वा प्रियसखं तार्क्ष्यं गालवं च द्विजर्षभम् ।
निदर्शनं च तपसो भिक्षां श्लाघ्यां च कीर्तिताम् ॥३॥

3. dṛṣṭvā priyasakhaṁ tārkṣyaṁ gālavaṁ ca dvijarṣabham ,
nidarśanaṁ ca tapaso bhikṣāṁ ślāghyāṁ ca kīrtitām.

3. dṛṣṭvā priya-sakham tārkṣyam gālavam ca dvija-ṛṣabham
| nidarśanam ca tapasaḥ bhikṣām ślāghyām ca kīrtitām

3. Having seen his dear friend Tārkṣya, and Gālava—the foremost among the twice-born (dvija)—as an example of austerity (tapas), and having considered the extolled, praiseworthy alms...

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• प्रिय-सखम् (priya-sakham) - dear friend

• तार्क्ष्यम् (tārkṣyam) - Tārkṣya (name of Garuḍa)

• गालवम् (gālavam) - Gālava (name of a sage)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• द्विज-ऋषभम् (dvija-ṛṣabham) - foremost among the twice-born (dvija) (bull among twice-born, foremost of twice-born (dvija))

• निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - an example (of austerity) (example, illustration, demonstration)

• च (ca) - as well as (and, also)

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of austerity (tapas)

• भिक्षाम् (bhikṣām) - alms (requested by Gālava) (alms, begging)

• श्लाघ्याम् (ślāghyām) - praiseworthy (alms) (praiseworthy, laudable, extolled)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कीर्तिताम् (kīrtitām) - extolled (alms) (glorified, praised, extolled)

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

root dṛś + ktvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

प्रिय-सखम् (priya-sakham) - dear friend

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of priya-sakha

priya-sakha - dear friend

Compound type : karmadhāraya (priya+sakha)

• priya – dear, beloved
  adjective (masculine)
• sakha – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

तार्क्ष्यम् (tārkṣyam) - Tārkṣya (name of Garuḍa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tārkṣya

tārkṣya - Tārkṣya (a name of Garuḍa)

patronymic of Tṛkṣa or related to Garuḍa's mother Vinatā, who was also called Tārkṣī

Note: Refers to Garuḍa, also called Suparṇa.

गालवम् (gālavam) - Gālava (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - Gālava (name of a sage, disciple of Viśvāmitra)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

द्विज-ऋषभम् (dvija-ṛṣabham) - foremost among the twice-born (dvija) (bull among twice-born, foremost of twice-born (dvija))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvija-ṛṣabha

dvija-ṛṣabha - bull among the twice-born; foremost of twice-born

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+ṛṣabha)

• dvija – twice-born; a brahmin, a bird, a tooth
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; best, excellent, foremost
  noun (masculine)

निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - an example (of austerity) (example, illustration, demonstration)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidarśana

nidarśana - example, illustration, demonstration; sight, vision

from root dṛś with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: dṛś (class 1)

च (ca) - as well as (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of austerity (tapas)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance; heat

Root: tap (class 1)

भिक्षाम् (bhikṣām) - alms (requested by Gālava) (alms, begging)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhikṣā

bhikṣā - alms, begging, asking for charity

from root bhikṣ

Root: bhikṣ (class 1)

श्लाघ्याम् (ślāghyām) - praiseworthy (alms) (praiseworthy, laudable, extolled)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ślāghya

ślāghya - praiseworthy, laudable, extolled

Gerundive

from root ślāgh, 'to praise'

Root: ślāgh (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कीर्तिताम् (kīrtitām) - extolled (alms) (glorified, praised, extolled)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kīrtita

kīrtita - glorified, praised, celebrated, mentioned

Past Passive Participle

from root kīrt, 'to mention, to praise'

Root: kīrt (class 10)